Chrysanthemum L.
chrysanthemums · Asteraceae
- Accepted name
- Chrysanthemum L.
- First published
- Sp. Pl.: 887 (1753)
- Family
- Asteraceae
- Accepted species
- 41 (including 7 natural hybrids)
- Native range
- 35 TDWG regions, temperate Eurasia, chiefly East Asia
- Common names
- chrysanthemums
- Databases
- POWO · IPNI · WCVP · Catalogue of Life · GBIF
Overview
Chrysanthemum belongs to the daisy family, Asteraceae; the name comes from the Greek for “gold” and “flower”. The florist’s chrysanthemum is the hybrid Chrysanthemum × morifolium. Other plants called “chrysanthemum” or “daisy” in trade belong to different genera in WCVP.
Classification and naming
Linnaeus published Chrysanthemum in Species Plantarum in 1753. In the twentieth century some authors moved the cultivated chrysanthemum and its relatives to Dendranthema, a name common in older Chinese literature; WCVP now treats Dendranthema as a synonym of Chrysanthemum.
| Genus name | Published in |
|---|---|
| Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. | Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 20: 561 (1860) |
Distribution
WCVP records the genus as native to 35 TDWG botanical regions and introduced in 41 more.
AltayAmurBuryatiyaCentral European RussiaChina North-CentralChina South-CentralChina SoutheastChitaCzechia-SlovakiaEast European RussiaEast HimalayaInner MongoliaIrkutskJapanKhabarovskKoreaKrasnoyarskLaosMagadanManchuriaMongoliaNansei-shotoNepalNorth European RussiaPolandPrimoryeQinghaiSakhalinTaiwanTuvaUkraineVietnamWest SiberiaXinjiangYakutiya
Introduced
Introduced regions (41)
AssamBalearesBoliviaBorneoBulgariaColombiaCosta RicaCubaDominican RepublicEcuadorEl SalvadorFranceGermanyGuatemalaGulf of Guinea Is.HainanHondurasItalyJawaLesser Sunda Is.MalayaMarianasMauritiusMexico CentralMexico GulfMexico NortheastMexico NorthwestMexico SoutheastMexico SouthwestPakistanPanamáPeruPhilippinesPortugalRéunionRomaniaSumateraTadzhikistanTunisiaTurkmenistanUzbekistan
Accepted species
WCVP accepts 41 species; names with × are natural hybrids. The count changes with revisions; checked 2026-10-20.
| Name | On this site |
|---|---|
| Chrysanthemum × aphrodite Kitam. | |
| Chrysanthemum argyrophyllum Y.Ling | |
| Chrysanthemum arisanense Hayata | |
| Chrysanthemum bizarre C.Z.Shen | |
| Chrysanthemum chalchingolicum Grubov | |
| Chrysanthemum chanetii H.Lév. | |
| Chrysanthemum crassum (Kitam.) Kitam. | |
| Chrysanthemum × cuneifolium Kitam. | |
| Chrysanthemum dabieshanense Z.X.Fu, A.G.Zhen & Y.P.Ma | |
| Chrysanthemum dichrum (C.Shih) H.Ohashi & Yonek. | |
| Chrysanthemum foliaceum (G.F.Peng, C.Shih & S.Q.Zhang) J.M.Wang & Y.T.Hou | |
| Chrysanthemum glabriusculum (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz. | |
| Chrysanthemum horaimontanum Masam. | |
| Chrysanthemum hypargyreum Diels | |
| Chrysanthemum indicum L. | |
| Chrysanthemum japonense (Makino) Nakai | |
| Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium (Fisch. ex Trautv.) Makino | |
| Chrysanthemum × leucanthum (Makino) Makino | |
| Chrysanthemum longibracteatum (C.Shih, G.F.Peng & S.Y.Jin) J.M.Wang & Y.T.Hou | |
| Chrysanthemum makinoi Matsum. & Nakai | |
| Chrysanthemum maximoviczii Kom. | |
| Chrysanthemum × miyatojimense Kitam. | |
| Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl. | reference page · 6 plates |
| Chrysanthemum morii Hayata | |
| Chrysanthemum naktongense Nakai | |
| Chrysanthemum nankingense Hand.-Mazz. | |
| Chrysanthemum neo-oreastrum C.C.Chang | |
| Chrysanthemum okiense Kitam. | |
| Chrysanthemum oreastrum Hance | |
| Chrysanthemum ornatum Hemsl. | |
| Chrysanthemum parvifolium C.C.Chang | |
| Chrysanthemum potentilloides Hand.-Mazz. | |
| Chrysanthemum rhombifolium (Y.Ling & C.Shih) H.Ohashi & Yonek. | |
| Chrysanthemum × rubellum Sealy | |
| Chrysanthemum × shimotomaii Makino | |
| Chrysanthemum sinuatum Ledeb. | |
| Chrysanthemum vestitum (Hemsl.) Stapf | |
| Chrysanthemum yantaiense M.Sun & J.T.Chen | |
| Chrysanthemum yoshinaganthum Makino ex Kitam. | |
| Chrysanthemum zawadzkii Herbich | |
| Chrysanthemum zhuozishanense L.Q.Zhao & Jie Yang |
Historic plates
Plates in date order; the printed names are kept as they appear, current names are on the species pages and the topic page.
Chrysanthemum indicum（正文）
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 327 · 1796
Chrysanthemum indicum var.
Edwards's Botanical Register · Pl. 4 · 1815
Sydenham Edwards, F. Sansom
Indian Chrysanthemum
The American Flora · pl. 1 · 1855
Pyrethrum sinense
Flora de Filipinas, gran edición (Atlas) · 290 · 1880–1883
C. Verdaguer
Chrysanthemum sinense, vars.
Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 148 · 1897
Chrysanthemum sinense, var. Mont d'Or
Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 150 · 1897
Garden flower forms
The National Chrysanthemum Society groups garden chrysanthemums into 13 classes by flower form, including incurve, reflex, decorative, pompon, single and semi-double, anemone, spoon, quill and spider; the NYBG and several studies use this system.