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Hydrangea Azisai, Flora Japonica (1835–1870)
Flora Japonica · Tab. 51 · 1835–1870 · Popp, Jos. Unger · public domain

Hydrangea Gronov. ex L.

hydrangeas · Hydrangeaceae

Accepted name
Hydrangea Gronov. ex L.
First published
Sp. Pl.: 397 (1753)
Family
Hydrangeaceae
Accepted species
103 (including 5 natural hybrids)
Native range
76 TDWG regions, East and South-East Asia and the Americas
Common names
hydrangeas
Databases
POWO · IPNI · WCVP · Catalogue of Life · GBIF

Overview

Hydrangea is the type genus of the Hydrangeaceae. Florists mostly use the bigleaf hydrangea, Hydrangea macrophylla, whose heads combine showy sterile flowers, largely made of about four petaloid sepals, with small fertile ones. The Hydrangea japonica of older plates belongs, in WCVP, to another species, the mountain hydrangea H. serrata.

Classification and naming

WCVP takes a broad view of the genus: Dichroa, Schizophragma, Pileostegia, Decumaria and the other genera in the table below are all sunk into Hydrangea, which is why the species count is higher than in older works. An early botanist founded the genus Hortensia on a mophead plant, which is how “hortensia” became the common name for mopheads; WCVP also treats it as a synonym.

Genus namePublished in
× Didrangea J.M.H.ShawHanburyana 5: 47 (2011)
Adamia Wall.Tent. Fl. Napal.: 46 (1826)
Broussaisia Gaudich.Voy. Uranie: 479 (1830)
Calyptranthe (Maxim.) NakaiBull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo 31: 52 (1952)
Cardiandra Siebold & Zucc.Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 1: 119 (1839)
Cianitis Reinw.Syll. Pl. Nov. 2: 68 (1826)
Cornidia Ruiz & Pav.Fl. Peruv. Prodr.: 63 (1794)
Decumaria L.Sp. Pl., ed. 2. App.: 1663 (1763)
Deinanthe Maxim.Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint Pétersbourg, Sér. 7. 10(16): 2 (1867)
Dichroa Lour.Fl. Cochinch.: 301 (1790)
Forsythia WalterFl. Carol.: 154 (1788)
Heteromalla (Rehder) H.Ohba & S.AkiyamaJ. Jap. Bot. 91: 349 (2016)
Hortensia Comm.A.L.de Jussieu, Gen. Pl.: 214 (1789)
Hydrangia L.Gen. Pl., ed. 6.: 222 (1764)
Macnemaraea P.WillemetAnn. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 34 (1796)
Pileostegia Hook.f. & ThomsonJ. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 2: 57 (1857)
Platycrater Siebold & Zucc.Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 1: 62 (1837)
Sarcostyles C.Presl ex DC.Prodr. 4: 15 (1830)
Schizophragma Siebold & Zucc.Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 1: 58 (1837)

Distribution

WCVP records the genus as native to 76 TDWG botanical regions and introduced in 28 more.

Native regions (76)

AlabamaArgentina SouthArkansasAssamBoliviaBorneoCambodiaChile CentralChile SouthChina North-CentralChina South-CentralChina SoutheastColombiaCosta RicaDelawareDistrict of ColumbiaEast HimalayaEcuadorEl SalvadorFloridaGeorgiaGuatemalaHainanHawaiiHondurasIllinoisIndianaInner MongoliaJapanJawaKansasKazan-rettoKentuckyKoreaKuril Is.LaosLesser Sunda Is.LouisianaMalayaMarylandMexico CentralMexico GulfMexico NortheastMexico NorthwestMexico SoutheastMexico SouthwestMississippiMissouriMyanmarNansei-shotoNepalNew GuineaNew JerseyNew YorkNicaraguaNorth CarolinaOhioOklahomaPanamáPennsylvaniaPeruPhilippinesQinghaiSakhalinSouth CarolinaSulawesiTaiwanTennesseeThailandTibetVenezuelaVermontVietnamVirginiaWest HimalayaWest Virginia

Introduced

AlbaniaAustriaAzoresCanary Is.Central European RussiaConnecticutFranceGermanyGreat BritainItalyJuan Fernández Is.MadeiraMaineMassachusettsMauritiusNew BrunswickNew HampshireNew Zealand NorthNew Zealand SouthNova ScotiaOntarioPortugalRéunionRhode I.South European RussiaSpainTrinidad-TobagoTristan da Cunha

Accepted species

WCVP accepts 103 species; names with × are natural hybrids. The count changes with revisions; checked 2026-10-20.

NameOn this site
Hydrangea acuminata Siebold & Zucc.
Hydrangea × agricola (J.M.H.Shaw) J.M.H.Shaw
Hydrangea albostellata Samain, Najarro & E.Martínez
Hydrangea alternifolia Siebold
Hydrangea × amagiana Makino
Hydrangea amamiohsimensis (Koidz.) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea ampla (Chun) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea angustipetala Hayata
Hydrangea anomala D.Don
Hydrangea arborescens L.
Hydrangea arguta (Gaudich.) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea aspera Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don
Hydrangea asterolasia Diels
Hydrangea barbara (L.) Bernd Schulz
Hydrangea bifida (Maxim.) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea breedlovei Samain, Najarro & E.Martínez
Hydrangea bretschneideri Dippel
Hydrangea caerulea (Stapf) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea carroniae Samain & E.Martínez
Hydrangea chungii Rehder
Hydrangea cinerea Small
Hydrangea coenobialis Chun
Hydrangea corylifolia (Chun) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea crassa (Hand.-Mazz.) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea daimingshanensis (Y.C.Wu) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea davidii Franch.
Hydrangea densifolia (C.F.Wei) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea diplostemona (Donn.Sm.) Standl.
Hydrangea fauriei (Hayata) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea febrifuga (Lour.) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea fistulosa (G.H.Huang & G.Hao) U.B.Deshmukh & M.B.Shende
Hydrangea glaucescens (Rehder) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea gracilis W.T.Wang & M.X.Nie
Hydrangea heteromalla D.Don
Hydrangea hirsuta (Gagnep.) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea hirta (Thunb.) Siebold
Hydrangea hwangii J.M.H.Shaw
Hydrangea hydrangeoides (Siebold & Zucc.) Bernd Schulz
Hydrangea hypoglauca Rehder
Hydrangea integrifolia Hayata
Hydrangea involucrata Siebold
Hydrangea jelskii Szyszył.
Hydrangea kawagoeana Koidz.
Hydrangea kwangsiensis Hu
Hydrangea kwangtungensis Merr.
Hydrangea lalashanensis S.S.Ying
Hydrangea lingii G.Hoo
Hydrangea linkweiensis Chun
Hydrangea liukiuensis Nakai
Hydrangea lobbii Maxim.
Hydrangea longifolia Hayata
Hydrangea longipes Franch.
Hydrangea luteovenosa Koidz.
Hydrangea macrocarpa Hand.-Mazz.
Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.reference page · 4 plates
Hydrangea mangshanensis C.F.Wei
Hydrangea marunoi Tagane & S.Fujii
Hydrangea mathewsii Briq.
Hydrangea megalocarpa (Chun) J.M.H.Shaw
Hydrangea minamitanii (H.Ohba) Yahara
Hydrangea × mizushimarum H.Ohba
Hydrangea moellendorffii Hance
Hydrangea mollissima (Merr.) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea nahaensis Samain & E.Martínez
Hydrangea nebulicola Nevling & Gómez Pompa
Hydrangea obtusifolia (Hu) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea ofeliae Sodusta & Lumawag
Hydrangea otontepecensis Samain & E.Martínez
Hydrangea paniculata Siebold1 plate
Hydrangea peruviana Moric. ex Ser.
Hydrangea petiolaris Siebold & Zucc.
Hydrangea pingtungensis S.S.Ying
Hydrangea platyarguta Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea pottingeri Prain
Hydrangea preslii Briq.
Hydrangea quercifolia W.Bartram
Hydrangea radiata Walter
Hydrangea robusta Hook.f. & Thomson
Hydrangea sargentiana Rehder
Hydrangea scandens (L.f.) Ser.
Hydrangea schizomollis Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea seemannii L.Riley
Hydrangea serrata (Thunb.) Ser.1 plate
Hydrangea serratifolia (Hook. & Arn.) F.Phil.
Hydrangea sikokiana Maxim.
Hydrangea sousae Samain, Najarro & E.Martínez
Hydrangea steyermarkii Standl.
Hydrangea strigosa Rehder
Hydrangea stylosa Hook.f. & Thomson
Hydrangea taiwaniana Y.C.Liu & F.Y.Lu
Hydrangea tapalapensis Samain, Najarro & E.Martínez
Hydrangea tarapotensis Briq.
Hydrangea tomentella (Hand.-Mazz.) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea × versicolor (Fortune) J.M.H.Shaw
Hydrangea viburnoides (Hook.f. & Thomson) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea wallichii J.M.H.Shaw
Hydrangea xanthoneura Diels
Hydrangea xinfeniae W.B.Ju & J.Ru
Hydrangea yaoshanensis (Y.C.Wu) Y.De Smet & C.Granados
Hydrangea yayeyamensis Koidz.
Hydrangea × ytiensis (J.M.H.Shaw) J.M.H.Shaw
Hydrangea yunnanensis Rehder
Hydrangea zhewanensis P.S.Hsu & X.P.Zhang

Historic plates

Plates in date order; the printed names are kept as they appear, current names are on the species pages and the topic page.

  • Hydrangea Hortensis(正文), Curtis's Botanical Magazine 438 (1799)

    Hydrangea Hortensis(正文)

    Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 438 · 1799
    Sydenham Edwards
  • Hortensia opuloides, Fragmenta Botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata T. 3 (1800–1809)

    Hortensia opuloides

    Fragmenta Botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata · T. 3 · 1800–1809
  • Hydrangea Azisai, Flora Japonica Tab. 51 (1835–1870)

    Hydrangea Azisai

    Flora Japonica · Tab. 51 · 1835–1870
    Popp, Jos. Unger
  • Hydrangea paniculata, Flora Japonica Tab. 61 (1840)

    Hydrangea paniculata

    Flora Japonica · Tab. 61 · 1840
  • Hydrangea japonica Rosalba, Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe 526(图上所印) (1865–1867)

    Hydrangea japonica Rosalba

    Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe · 526(图上所印) · 1865–1867
  • Hydrangea Hortensia, Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse Pl. 90 (1897)

    Hydrangea Hortensia

    Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 90 · 1897

Garden types and colour

Most bigleaf hydrangea cultivars are either mopheads or lacecaps. Flowers turn blue when aluminium is readily available, usually in acidic soil; Mississippi State University Extension gives soil pH 5–5.5 for blue and 6–6.5 for pink, and white cultivars do not change.

References

  1. WCVP · World Checklist of Vascular Plants (via ChecklistBank dataset 2232) · accessed 2026-10-20
  2. Trees and Shrubs Online · Hydrangea macrophylla (Sutton 2025)
  3. Mississippi State University Extension · How to Change the Color of Hydrangeas

Names, places of publication, synonyms and distribution checked against WCVP (2026-10-20); the text follows the cited sources and awaits specialist review.