Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.
大叶绣球 · 绣球属 · Hydrangeaceae
识别
大叶绣球是高可达 3 米的落叶灌木，叶片厚，长 10–15 厘米。花序是顶生的聚伞花序，宽 10–20 厘米；野生型同时有外圈的不育花（主要由约 4 枚花瓣状萼片组成）和中间细小的可育花。植物智以“绣球”为其中文名，俗名有八仙花、紫阳花。
命名与异名
Thunberg 1784 年最初把它发表为荚蒾属的 Viburnum macrophyllum，1830 年 Seringe 把它移入绣球属。这也说明了为什么“绣球”和“荚蒾”的名字至今容易混淆。WCVP 为它列出 70 多个异名，包括旧图谱上常见的 Hortensia opuloides、Hydrangea hortensis、Hydrangea azisai 等。
| 名称 | 发表出处 |
|---|---|
| Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 4: 15 (1830) |
| Hortensia macrophylla (Thunb.) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | J. Jap. Bot. 91: 346 (2016) |
| Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb. | J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14.: 295 (1784) |
异模式异名 76 个
| Hortensia japonica J.F.Gmel. | Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].: 722 (1791) |
| Hortensia macrophylla f. isobue (H.Ohba & S.Akiyama) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | J. Jap. Bot. 91: 346 (2016) |
| Hortensia macrophylla f. isonotaki (H.Ohba & S.Akiyama) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | J. Jap. Bot. 91: 346 (2016) |
| Hortensia macrophylla f. normalis (E.H.Wilson) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | J. Jap. Bot. 91: 346 (2016) |
| Hortensia mutabilis Schneev. | Icon. Pl. Rar. (Haarlem): 36 (1793) |
| Hortensia nigra Carrière | Rev. Hort. (Paris) 52: 180 (1880) |
| Hortensia opuloides Lam. | Encycl. 3: 136 (1789) |
| Hortensia rosea Desf. | Tabl. École Bot.: 115 (1804) |
| Hortensia speciosa Pers. | Syn. Pl. 1: 505 (1805) |
| Hydrangea azisai Siebold | Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 14(2): 689 (1828) |
| Hydrangea azisai var. foliis-aureovariegatis Siebold & Zucc. | Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 1: 105 (1839) |
| Hydrangea cyanoclada G.Nicholson | Hand-List Trees Shrubs 1[Polypet.]: 221 (1894) |
| Hydrangea florida Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 284 (1796) |
| Hydrangea hortensia Siebold | Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 14(2): 688 (1828) |
| Hydrangea hortensia f. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) Franch. & Sav. | Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 152 (1873) |
| Hydrangea hortensia f. rosea Bean | Garden (London, 1871-1927) 50: 122 (1896) |
| Hydrangea hortensia f. variegata (E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) G.Nicholson | Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 163 (1885) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. azisai (Siebold) A.Gray | Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 312 (1857) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. macrosepala (Regel) Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 785 (1900) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. maculata (Blume) K.Koch | Hort. Dendrol.: 106 (1853) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. mariesii Bean | Garden (London, 1871-1927) 54: 390 (1898) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) A.Gray | Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 312 (1857) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. rosea (Bean) J.H.Veitch | Hort. Veitch.: 368 (1906) |
| Hydrangea hortensis Sm. | Icon. Pict. Pl. Rar. 2: 12 (1792) |
| Hydrangea hortensis var. alba H.B.May | Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 45: 301 (1909) |
| Hydrangea hortensis var. maculata Blume | Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 920 (1826) |
| Hydrangea hortensis var. mariesii (Bean) Bean | Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 625 (1914) |
| Hydrangea japonica f. hortensia Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica fimbriata-macrophylla Jacob-Makoy | Nursery Cat. (L.Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 31 (1868) |
| Hydrangea japonica speciosa Hovey | Nursery Cat. (Hovey & co.) 1882: 35 (1882) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. albovariegatis Van Houtte | Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 7: 139 (1851) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. coerulescens Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. foliis-variegatis André | Pl. Feuill. Ornem.: 177 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. macrosepala Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. otaksa Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. plena Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. variegata (E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica variegata E.J.Lowe & W.Howard | Beaut. Leaved Pl.: t. 25 (1860) |
| Hydrangea macrocephala Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 322 (1893) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. azisai (Siebold) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 240 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. caesia Nakai | Siebold Hydrang. Kaisetsu: 12 (1938) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. hortensia (Regel) Rehder | J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 240 (1926) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. isobue H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., B. Bot. 40: 144 (2014) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. isonotaki H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., B. Bot. 40: 144 (2014) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. leucantha Makino | Ill. Fl. Nippon: 483 (1940) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. macrosepala (Regel) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 240 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. maculata (Blume) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 241 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. mandschurica (Dieck) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 237 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. mariesii (Bean) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 241 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. normalis (E.H.Wilson) H.Hara | J. Jap. Bot. 30: 277 (1955) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. nuda Konta & S.Matsumoto | Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B. Bot. 31: 23 (2005) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 237 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. veitchii E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 237 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla var. hattoriana Kitam. | Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 5 (1974) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla var. hortensis (Sm.) Rehder | Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 785 (1900) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla var. normalis E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 234 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla var. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) Honda | Siebold Kenkyū: 546 (1938) |
| Hydrangea mandshurica Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 323 (1893) |
| Hydrangea maritima Haw.-Booth | Hydrangea: 38 (1950) |
| Hydrangea mutabilis Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. 1: 416 (1821) |
| Hydrangea nigra Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 187 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides (Lam.) K.Koch | Dendrologie 1: 353 (1869) |
| Hydrangea opuloides f. macrosepala (Regel) Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 323 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. azisai (Siebold) Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 322 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. hortensia Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 322 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. japonica C.K.Schneid. | Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 392 (1905) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. mandschurica Dieck | Nursery Cat. (Dieck) 1885(Haupt-Kat.): 42 (1885) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. mariesii (Bean) Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1621 (1915) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 323 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. plena Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1621 (1915) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. variegata (E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1622 (1915) |
| Hydrangea otaksa Siebold & Zucc. | Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 1: 105 (1839) |
| Hydrangea sieboldii Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 323 (1893) |
| Hydrangea sinensis Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 322 (1893) |
| Macnemaraea opulina P.Willemet | Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 34 (1796) |
| Primula mutabilis Lour. | Fl. Cochinch.: 104 (1790) |
分布
WCVP 记录本种原生于 2 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 31 个区划为引入或归化。
日本火山列岛
引入或归化
阿尔巴尼亚阿肯色阿萨姆亚速尔群岛玻利维亚加那利群岛俄罗斯中部中国中南部中国东南部哥斯达黎加东喜马拉雅厄瓜多尔法国德国大不列颠意大利胡安·费尔南德斯群岛朝鲜半岛马德拉毛里求斯墨西哥西南部新西兰北岛新西兰南岛巴拿马葡萄牙留尼汪西班牙特立尼达和多巴哥特里斯坦-达库尼亚委内瑞拉越南
历史图谱与图上名称
图版上印的是当时的名字。下表按 WCVP 的异名与误用名记录，把每张图的原名对应到现行的种或亚种。
| 图上原名 · 出处 | 现行单元 | |
|---|---|---|
 | Hydrangea Hortensis（正文） Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 438 · 1799 | Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. WCVP 异名：Hydrangea hortensis Sm. |
 | Hortensia opuloides Fragmenta Botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata · T. 3 · 1800–1809 | Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. WCVP 异名：Hortensia opuloides Lam. |
 | Hydrangea Azisai Flora Japonica · Tab. 51 · 1835–1870 | Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. WCVP 异名：Hydrangea azisai Siebold |
 | Hydrangea Hortensia Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 90 · 1897 | Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. WCVP 异名：Hydrangea hortensia Siebold |
原产地与传入欧洲
野生大叶绣球原产日本本州中部太平洋一侧的半岛、伊豆群岛和小笠原群岛。1789 年，Joseph Banks 在邱园取得一株绣球型植株，即后来的‘Joseph Banks’；不到十年，它在英国已“很常见”。Curtis's Botanical Magazine 1799 年第 438 图就是这一时期的记录。