Hippeastrum Herb.
朱顶红属 · Amaryllidaceae
- 接受名
- Hippeastrum Herb.
- 首次发表
- Appendix: 31 (1821)
- 科
- Amaryllidaceae
- 接受种数
- 119（其中天然杂交种 3）
- 原生分布
- 18 个 TDWG 区划，中美洲与南美洲热带地区
- 俗名
- 朱顶红属
- 数据库
- POWO · IPNI · WCVP · Catalogue of Life · GBIF
概述
朱顶红属 Hippeastrum 属石蒜科，Kew 记载的原生范围是中美洲和南美洲热带地区。RHS 说朱顶红是圣诞节的热门礼物，俗称 amaryllis。真正的孤挺花属 Amaryllis 是另一个属：WCVP 只接受 Amaryllis belladonna 等寥寥几种，全部原产南非开普省。
Flora of the Cayman Islands 的属描述：鳞茎植物，叶多枚、扁平全缘；花大而艳丽，通常两朵以上呈伞形着生在中空、无叶的花葶顶端。
分类与命名
属名由 Herbert 1821 年发表。早期图谱常把本属的种放在 Amaryllis 下：本页头图是 1790 年 Curtis 植物学杂志第 129 图的 Amaryllis vittata，即现在的条纹孤挺花 Hippeastrum vittatum，WCVP 记它原生于巴西南部、阿根廷东北部和玻利维亚。Flora of the Cayman Islands 写本属约 75 种，WCVP 现在接受的种数见下表。
| 属名 | 发表出处 |
|---|---|
| Aschamia Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 134 (1866) |
| Aulica Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 10 (1838) |
| Callicore Link | Handbuch 1: 193 (1829) |
| Carlotea Arruda ex Koster | Trav. Brazil: 493 (1816) |
| Chonais Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 135 (1866) |
| Eusarcops Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 11 (1838) |
| Lais Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 134 (1866) |
| Leopoldia Herb. | Trans. Hort. Soc. London 4: 181 (1821) |
| Lepidopharynx Rusby | Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 214 (1927) |
| Moldenkea Traub | Pl. Life 7: 41 (1951) |
| Omphalissa Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 134 (1866) |
| Tocantinia Ravenna | Onira 5: 9 (2000) |
| Trisacarpis Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 11 (1838) |
分布
WCVP 记录本属原生于 18 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 42 个区划为引入或归化。
阿根廷东北部Argentina Northwest玻利维亚Brazil NorthBrazil Northeast巴西南部巴西东南部Brazil West-Central哥伦比亚哥斯达黎加厄瓜多尔French GuianaGuyanaParaguay秘鲁SurinameUruguay委内瑞拉
引入或归化
引入区划（42）
AngolaAscensionBahamasBelize加罗林群岛Cayman Is.Chagos Archipelago库克群岛古巴多米尼加几内亚湾诸岛Haiti夏威夷洪都拉斯JamaicaLeeward Is.路易斯安那马里亚纳群岛Marshall Is.毛里求斯墨西哥中部墨西哥湾沿岸墨西哥东南部墨西哥西南部NauruNew Caledonia尼加拉瓜Niue诺福克岛Puerto RicoRodriguesRwandaSeychellesSociety Is.Solomon Is.斯里兰卡得克萨斯特立尼达和多巴哥突尼斯Venezuelan AntillesWindward Is.津巴布韦
接受种名录
WCVP 接受 119 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-24。
| 学名 | 本站资料 |
|---|---|
| Hippeastrum abatinguara Campos-Rocha & A.S.Medeiros | |
| Hippeastrum aglaiae (A.Cast.) Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci | |
| Hippeastrum amaru (Vargas) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum andreanum Baker | |
| Hippeastrum angustifolium Pax | |
| Hippeastrum apertispathum (Traub) H.E.Moore | |
| Hippeastrum arboricola (Ravenna) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum argentinum (Pax) Hunz. | |
| Hippeastrum aulicum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum aviflorum (Ravenna) Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum blossfeldiae (Traub & J.L.Doran) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum brasilianum (Traub & J.L.Doran) Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum breviflorum Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum bukasovii (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | |
| Hippeastrum caiaponicum (Ravenna) Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum canastrense Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira | |
| Hippeastrum canterai Arechav. | |
| Hippeastrum carassense Campos-Rocha & R.C.Mota | |
| Hippeastrum cardenasii R.Vásquez & R.Lara | |
| Hippeastrum caupolicanense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum cipoanum (Ravenna) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum condemaitae (Vargas & E.Pérez) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum correiense (Bury) Worsley | |
| Hippeastrum curitibanum (Ravenna) Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum curupira Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto | |
| Hippeastrum cuzcoense (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | |
| Hippeastrum cybister (Herb.) Benth. ex Baker | |
| Hippeastrum damazianum Beauverd | |
| Hippeastrum diniz-cruziae Dutilh & Semir | |
| Hippeastrum divifrancisci (Cárdenas) R.Lara & R.Vásquez | |
| Hippeastrum divijulianum (Cárdenas) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum doraniae (Traub) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum dutilhianum (Büneker, R.E.Bastian & C.M.Costa) Christenh. & Byng | |
| Hippeastrum elegans (Spreng.) H.E.Moore | |
| Hippeastrum escoipense Slanis & Huaylla | |
| Hippeastrum espiritense (Traub) H.E.Moore | |
| Hippeastrum euryphyllum (Ravenna) W.A.Medina & Roitman | |
| Hippeastrum evansiarum (Traub & I.S.Nelson) H.E.Moore | |
| Hippeastrum ferreyrae (Traub) Gereau & Brako | |
| Hippeastrum forgetii Worsley | |
| Hippeastrum fragrantissimum (Cárdenas) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum fuscum Kraenzl. | |
| Hippeastrum gertianum (Ravenna) Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum glaucescens (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum goianum (Ravenna) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum × griffinii Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum guarapuavicum (Ravenna) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum harrisonii (Lindl.) Hook.f. | |
| Hippeastrum haywardii (Traub & Uphof) R.Lara & R.Vásquez | |
| Hippeastrum hemographes (Ravenna) Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum hugoi (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | |
| Hippeastrum idimae Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira | |
| Hippeastrum iguazuanum (Ravenna) T.R.Dudley & M.Williams | |
| Hippeastrum incachacanum (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum intiflorum (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | |
| Hippeastrum × johnsonii (Gowen) Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum kromeri (Worsley) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum laklano Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto | |
| Hippeastrum lapacense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum lara-ricoi A.L.Moya, D.Villalba & Zent.-Ruíz | |
| Hippeastrum lavrense (Ravenna) R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum leonardii (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | |
| Hippeastrum leopoldii T.Moore | |
| Hippeastrum leucobasis (Ravenna) Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum lunaris Campos-Rocha & Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum macbridei (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | |
| Hippeastrum machupijchense (Vargas) D.R.Hunt | |
| Hippeastrum mandonii Baker | |
| Hippeastrum maracasum (Traub) H.E.Moore | |
| Hippeastrum marumbiense (Ravenna) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum mauroi Campos-Rocha & Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum menesesii R.Vásquez & R.Lara | |
| Hippeastrum minasgerais (Traub) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum miniatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum mirum (Ravenna) Christenh. & Byng | |
| Hippeastrum mollevillquense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum monanthum (Ravenna) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum morelianum Lem. | |
| Hippeastrum multiflorum Büneker, K.Soares & L.C.Assis | |
| Hippeastrum nelsonii (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum oconequense (Traub) H.E.Moore | |
| Hippeastrum papilio (Ravenna) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum paquichanum (Cárdenas) Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum paradisiacum (Ravenna) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum paranaense (Traub) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum pardinum (Hook.f.) Dombrain | |
| Hippeastrum parodii Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci | |
| Hippeastrum peruvianum Meerow & Campos-Rocha | |
| Hippeastrum petiolatum Pax | |
| Hippeastrum pseudopardinum (Cárdenas) R.Vásquez & R.Lara | |
| Hippeastrum psittacinum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss | 1 张图版 |
| Hippeastrum pyrophilum R.E.Bastian | |
| Hippeastrum ramboi R.E.Bastian & Büneker | |
| Hippeastrum reginae (L.) Herb. | 1 张图版 |
| Hippeastrum reticulatum (L'Hér.) Herb. | 1 张图版 |
| Hippeastrum roseoalbum R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum rubropictum (Ravenna) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum sanfranciscanum Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira | |
| Hippeastrum santacatarina (Traub) Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum scopulorum Baker | |
| Hippeastrum × splendens Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum stapfianum (Kraenzl.) R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh | |
| Hippeastrum starkiorum (I.S.Nelson & Traub) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum stigmovittatum (Büneker, R.E.Bastian & C.M.Costa) Christenh. & Byng | |
| Hippeastrum striatum (Lam.) H.E.Moore | 1 张图版 |
| Hippeastrum stylosum Herb. | |
| Hippeastrum teyucuarense (Ravenna) Van Scheepen | |
| Hippeastrum traubii (Moldenke) H.E.Moore | |
| Hippeastrum umabisanum (Cárdenas) Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum vanleestenii (Traub) H.E.Moore | |
| Hippeastrum variegatum Gereau & Brako | |
| Hippeastrum velloziiflorum Campos-Rocha & Meerow | |
| Hippeastrum verdianum Büneker & R.E.Bastian | |
| Hippeastrum viridiflorum Rusby | |
| Hippeastrum vittatum (L'Hér.) Herb. | 1 张图版 |
| Hippeastrum wilsoniae L.J.Doran & F.W.Mey. | |
| Hippeastrum yungacense (Cárdenas & I.S.Nelson) Meerow |
历史图谱
图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。
Amaryllis vittata
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 129 · 1790
Sydenham Edwards, W. Darton
Amaryllis equestris
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 305 · 1795
Amaryllis reginae
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 453 · 1799
Sydenham Edwards
Amaryllis reticulata
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 657 · 1803
Sydenham Edwards
Amaryllis crocata
Edwards's Botanical Register · 38 · 1815
Sydenham Edwards, Smith
种植与安全
RHS 建议：朱顶红不耐寒，要在室内盆栽；10 月至次年 1 月种植，盆只比鳞茎稍大，鳞茎约三分之二露出土面；种后约 6–8 周开花，花期冬季到春季。花后把残花葶从基部剪掉，但保留叶片继续生长。
ASPCA 的 Amaryllis 条目把这类植物列为对狗、猫和马有毒，毒性成分是石蒜碱等；症状包括呕吐（马除外）、精神沉郁、腹泻、腹痛、流涎过多、厌食和震颤。