Gladiolus Tourn. ex L.
唐菖蒲属 · Iridaceae
- 接受名
- Gladiolus Tourn. ex L.
- 首次发表
- Sp. Pl.: 36 (1753)
- 科
- Iridaceae
- 接受种数
- 305（其中天然杂交种 9）
- 原生分布
- 101 个 TDWG 区划，欧洲至伊朗、阿拉伯半岛和非洲，以南部非洲最集中
- 俗名
- 唐菖蒲属、唐菖蒲、剑兰
- 数据库
- POWO · IPNI · WCVP · Catalogue of Life · GBIF
概述
唐菖蒲属 Gladiolus 属鸢尾科，Kew 记载的原生范围是欧洲至伊朗、阿拉伯半岛和非洲。Flora of Somalia 说全属约 285 种，以南部非洲为中心，经热带非洲和马达加斯加延伸到欧洲和中东；Flora of Oman 则说非洲约 180 种，集中在南非西南开普。
本页头图是 1790 年 Curtis 植物学杂志第 135 图的红花唐菖蒲 G. cardinalis：WCVP 以这一图为该种的发表处，并记它原生于南非开普省。
分类与形态
林奈 1753 年在《植物种志》中发表本属，Acidanthera、Antholyza、Homoglossum 等属现在都并入本属（见下表）。Flora of Tropical East Africa 的描述：多年生草本，具球茎，外被革质到纤维质、网状的膜皮；穗状花序，花偏向一侧（少数种两列）；花两侧对称，南非少数种为辐射对称。
| 属名 | 发表出处 |
|---|---|
| × Gladanthera J.M.Wright | Gladiolus Annual Brit. Gladiolus Soc. 1966: 33 (1966) |
| × Homoglad Ingram | J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 92: 311 (1967) |
| Acidanthera Hochst. | Flora 27: 25 (1844) |
| Anisanthus Sweet | Hort. Brit.: 396 (1826) |
| Anomalesia N.E.Br. | Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 20: 270 (1932) |
| Antholyza L. | Sp. Pl.: 37 (1753) |
| Ballosporum Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 142 (1866) |
| Bertera Steud. | Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2. 1: 199 (1840) |
| Cunonia Mill. | Fig. Pl. Gard. Dict. 1: 75 (1756) |
| Dortania A.Chev. | Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., sér. 2, 9: 402 (1937 publ. 1938) |
| Hebea R.Hedw. | Gen. Pl.: 24 (1806) |
| Homoglossum Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 143 (1866) |
| Hyptissa Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 142 (1866) |
| Keitia Regel | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 639 (1878) |
| Kentrosiphon N.E.Br. | Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 20: 271 (1932) |
| Liliogladiolus Trew | Pl. Select. 4: 10 (1754) |
| Oenostachys Bullock | Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930: 465 (1930) |
| Ophiolyza Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 142 (1866) |
| Petamenes Salisb. ex J.W.Loudon | Ladies' Flower-gard.: 42 (1841) |
| Petamenes Salisb. ex N.E.Br. | Trans. Roy. Soc. South Africa 20: 276 (1932) |
| Ranisia Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 143 (1866) |
| Solenanthus Steud. ex Klatt | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 159 (1877) |
| Sphaerospora Sweet | Hort. Brit.: 398 (1826) |
| Symphydolon Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 142 (1866) |
分布
WCVP 记录本属原生于 101 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 27 个区划为引入或归化。
原生区划（101）
阿尔巴尼亚阿尔及利亚Angola奥地利亚速尔群岛巴利阿里群岛波罗的海国家白俄罗斯BeninBotswana保加利亚BurkinaBurundiCameroon加那利群岛开普省Caprivi StripCentral African Republic俄罗斯中部ChadCongo科西嘉塞浦路斯捷克-斯洛伐克Djibouti刚果民主共和国东爱琴海诸岛俄罗斯东部EgyptEquatorial Guinea厄立特里亚Eswatini埃塞俄比亚法国自由州GabonGambia德国Ghana希腊GuineaGuinea-Bissau几内亚湾诸岛Gulf States匈牙利伊朗伊拉克意大利Ivory Coast哈萨克斯坦肯尼亚克里特克里米亚夸祖鲁-纳塔尔黎巴嫩-叙利亚莱索托Liberia利比亚马达加斯加MalawiMali摩洛哥MozambiqueNamibiaNigeria北高加索南非北部诸省俄罗斯西北部巴尔干半岛西北部Oman巴勒斯坦波兰葡萄牙罗马尼亚Rwanda撒丁沙特阿拉伯Senegal西西里Sierra Leone西奈索马里俄罗斯南部西班牙苏丹-南苏丹瑞士塔吉克斯坦坦桑尼亚Togo外高加索突尼斯土耳其（亚洲部分）土耳其（欧洲部分）土库曼斯坦Uganda乌克兰乌兹别克斯坦西西伯利亚也门Zambia津巴布韦
引入或归化
亚拉巴马阿根廷东北部阿肯色加利福尼亚东喜马拉雅芬兰佛罗里达佐治亚大不列颠夏威夷爱尔兰Jamaica肯塔基路易斯安那马德拉墨西哥中部密西西比新西兰北岛北卡罗来纳俄克拉何马秘鲁Puerto Rico南卡罗来纳塔斯马尼亚田纳西得克萨斯西澳大利亚
接受种名录
WCVP 接受 305 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-24。
展开全部 305 个接受种
| 学名 | 本站资料 |
|---|---|
| Gladiolus abbreviatus Andrews | |
| Gladiolus abyssinicus (Brongn. ex Lem.) B.D.Jacks. | |
| Gladiolus actinomorphanthus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal | |
| Gladiolus acuminatus F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus adanus Eker & Sağıroğlu | |
| Gladiolus aequinoctialis Herb. | |
| Gladiolus aladagensis Eker & Sagiroglu | |
| Gladiolus alanyensis H.Duman, Sağıroğlu, Tekşen & Karaman | |
| Gladiolus alatus L. | |
| Gladiolus albens Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus alucraensis Sağıroğlu & Eker | |
| Gladiolus amplifolius Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus anatolicus (Boiss.) Stapf | |
| Gladiolus andringitrae Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus angustus L. | |
| Gladiolus antakiensis A.P.Ham. | |
| Gladiolus antandroyi Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus antholyzoides Baker | |
| Gladiolus appendiculatus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus aquamontanus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus arcuatus Klatt | |
| Gladiolus atropictus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus atropurpureus Baker | |
| Gladiolus atroviolaceus Boiss. | |
| Gladiolus attilae Kit Tan, B.Mathew & A.Baytop | |
| Gladiolus aurantiacus Klatt | |
| Gladiolus aureus Baker | |
| Gladiolus balensis Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus baumii Harms | |
| Gladiolus bellus C.H.Wright | |
| Gladiolus benguellensis Baker | |
| Gladiolus bilineatus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus blommesteinii L.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus bojeri (Baker) Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus boranensis Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus brachyphyllus F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus × brenchleyensis Anon. | |
| Gladiolus brevifolius Jacq. | |
| Gladiolus brevitubus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus buckerveldii (L.Bolus) Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus bullatus Thunb. ex G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus × byzantinus Mill. | |
| Gladiolus caeruleus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus calcaratus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus calcicola Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus canaliculatus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus candidus (Rendle) Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus cardinalis Curtis | 1 张图版 |
| Gladiolus carinatus Aiton | 1 张图版 |
| Gladiolus carmineus C.H.Wright | |
| Gladiolus carneus D.Delaroche | |
| Gladiolus caryophyllaceus (Burm.f.) Poir. | |
| Gladiolus cataractarum Oberm. | |
| Gladiolus caucasicus Herb. | |
| Gladiolus ceresianus L.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus chelamontanus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus chevalierianus Marais | |
| Gladiolus clivorum Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus × colvillei Sweet | |
| Gladiolus × colvillii Sweet | |
| Gladiolus communis L. | |
| Gladiolus comptonii G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus crassifolius Baker | |
| Gladiolus crispulatus L.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus cruentus T.Moore | |
| Gladiolus cunonius (L.) Gaertn. | |
| Gladiolus curtifolius Marais | |
| Gladiolus curtilimbus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova | |
| Gladiolus cylindraceus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus dalenii Van Geel | |
| Gladiolus davisoniae F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus debeerstii De Wild. | |
| Gladiolus debilis Sims | |
| Gladiolus decaryi Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus decoratus Baker | |
| Gladiolus delpierrei Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus densiflorus Baker | |
| Gladiolus deserticola Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus dichrous (Bullock) Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus diluvialis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus dolichosiphon Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus dolomiticus Oberm. | |
| Gladiolus dubius Guss. | |
| Gladiolus dzavakheticus Eristavi | |
| Gladiolus ecklonii Lehm. | |
| Gladiolus elliotii Baker | |
| Gladiolus emiliae L.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus engysiphon G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus equitans Thunb. | |
| Gladiolus erectiflorus Baker | |
| Gladiolus exalatus Goldblatt & Blittersd. | |
| Gladiolus exiguus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus exilis G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus fenestratus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus ferrugineus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus filiformis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus flanaganii Baker | |
| Gladiolus flavoviridis Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus floribundus Jacq. | |
| Gladiolus fourcadei (L.Bolus) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos | |
| Gladiolus gallaecicus Pau ex J.-M.Tison & Girod | |
| Gladiolus × gandavensis Van Houtte | 1 张图版 |
| Gladiolus geardii L.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus goldblattianus Geerinck | |
| Gladiolus gracilis Jacq. | |
| Gladiolus gracillimus Baker | |
| Gladiolus grandiflorus Andrews | |
| Gladiolus grantii Baker | |
| Gladiolus gregarius Welw. ex Baker | |
| Gladiolus griseus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus gueinzii Kunze | |
| Gladiolus gunnisii (Rendle) Marais | |
| Gladiolus guthriei F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus hajastanicus Gabrieljan | |
| Gladiolus halophilus Boiss. & Heldr. | |
| Gladiolus hamzaoglui H.Duman, Sagiroglu & Teksen | |
| Gladiolus harmsianus Vaupel | |
| Gladiolus hirsutus Jacq. | |
| Gladiolus hollandii L.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus horombensis Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus huillensis (Welw. ex Baker) Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus humilis Stapf | |
| Gladiolus huttonii (N.E.Br.) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos | |
| Gladiolus hyalinus Jacq. | |
| Gladiolus × hybridus C.Morren | |
| Gladiolus illyricus W.D.J.Koch | |
| Gladiolus imbricatus L. | 1 张图版 |
| Gladiolus inandensis Baker | |
| Gladiolus inarimensis Guss. | |
| Gladiolus inflatus (Thunb.) Thunb. | |
| Gladiolus inflexus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus insolens Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus intonsus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus involutus D.Delaroche | |
| Gladiolus iroensis (A.Chev.) Marais | |
| Gladiolus italicus Mill. | |
| Gladiolus izzet-baysalii Eker & Sagiroglu | |
| Gladiolus jonquilodorus Eckl. ex G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus juncifolius Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus kamiesbergensis G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus karooicus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus kotschyanus Boiss. | |
| Gladiolus lapeirousioides Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus laxiflorus Baker | |
| Gladiolus ledoctei P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal | |
| Gladiolus × lemoinei Baker | |
| Gladiolus leonensis Marais | |
| Gladiolus leptosiphon F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus × lewisiae Oberm. | |
| Gladiolus liliaceus Houtt. | |
| Gladiolus linearifolius Vaupel | |
| Gladiolus lithicola Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus longicollis Baker | |
| Gladiolus longispathaceus Cufod. | |
| Gladiolus loteniensis Hilliard & B.L.Burtt | |
| Gladiolus lundaensis Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus luteus Lam. | |
| Gladiolus macneilii Oberm. | |
| Gladiolus maculatus Sweet | |
| Gladiolus magnificus (Harms) Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus malvinus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus manikaensis Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus mariae Burgt | |
| Gladiolus marlothii G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus martleyi L.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus meliusculus (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus melleri Baker | |
| Gladiolus menitskyi Gabrieljan | |
| Gladiolus mensensis (Schweinf.) Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus merianellus (L.) Thunb. | |
| Gladiolus meridionalis G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus metallicola Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus micranthus Stapf | |
| Gladiolus microcarpus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus microspicatus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova | |
| Gladiolus miniatus Eckl. | |
| Gladiolus mirus Vaupel | |
| Gladiolus monticola G.J.Lewis ex Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus mortonius Herb. | |
| Gladiolus mosambicensis Baker | |
| Gladiolus mostertiae L.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus muenzneri Vaupel | |
| Gladiolus murgusicus Mikheev | |
| Gladiolus murielae Kelway | |
| Gladiolus mutabilis G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus negeliensis Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus nerineoides G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus nigromontanus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus numidicus Jord. | |
| Gladiolus nyasicus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus oatesii Rolfe | |
| Gladiolus ochroleucus Baker | |
| Gladiolus oliganthus Baker | |
| Gladiolus oligophlebius Baker | |
| Gladiolus oppositiflorus Herb. | |
| Gladiolus orchidiflorus Andrews | |
| Gladiolus oreocharis Schltr. | |
| Gladiolus oreophilus Eker & Sağıroğlu | |
| Gladiolus ornatus Klatt | |
| Gladiolus osmaniyensis Sagiroglu | |
| Gladiolus overbergensis Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos | |
| Gladiolus paludosus Baker | |
| Gladiolus palustris Gaudin | |
| Gladiolus papilio Hook.f. | |
| Gladiolus pappei Baker | |
| Gladiolus pardalinus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus parvulus Schltr. | |
| Gladiolus patersoniae F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus pauciflorus Baker ex Oliv. | |
| Gladiolus pavonia Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus permeabilis D.Delaroche | |
| Gladiolus perrieri Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus persicus Boiss. | |
| Gladiolus phoenix Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus pole-evansii I.Verd. | |
| Gladiolus praecostatus Marais | |
| Gladiolus pretoriensis Kuntze | |
| Gladiolus priorii (N.E.Br.) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos | |
| Gladiolus pritzelii Diels | |
| Gladiolus puberulus Vaupel | |
| Gladiolus pubigerus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus pulcherrimus (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus pungens P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova | |
| Gladiolus pusillus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus quadrangularis (Burm.f.) Ker Gawl. | |
| Gladiolus quadrangulus (D.Delaroche) Barnard | |
| Gladiolus recurvus L. | |
| Gladiolus reginae Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus rehmannii Baker | |
| Gladiolus rhodanthus J.C.Manning & Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus richardsiae Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus robertsoniae F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus robiliartianus P.A.Duvign. | |
| Gladiolus rogersii Baker | |
| Gladiolus roseolus Chiov. | |
| Gladiolus roseovenosus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus rubellus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus rudis Licht. ex Roem. & Schult. | |
| Gladiolus rufomarginatus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus rupicola Vaupel | |
| Gladiolus saccatus (Klatt) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos | |
| Gladiolus salmoneicolor P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal ex S.Córdova | |
| Gladiolus salteri G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus saundersii Hook.f. | |
| Gladiolus saxatilis Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus scabridus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus schweinfurthii (Baker) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos | |
| Gladiolus scullyi Baker | |
| Gladiolus sekukuniensis P.J.D.Winter | |
| Gladiolus sempervirens G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus serapiiflorus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus serenjensis Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus sericeovillosus Hook.f. | |
| Gladiolus serpenticola Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus siirtensis Pınar, Eroğlu & Fidan | |
| Gladiolus somalensis Goldblatt & Thulin | |
| Gladiolus speciosus Thunb. | |
| Gladiolus splendens (Sweet) Herb. | |
| Gladiolus stefaniae Oberm. | |
| Gladiolus stellatus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus stenolobus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus stenosiphon Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus stokoei G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus subcaeruleus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus sudanicus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus sufflavus (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus sulculatus Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus × sulistrovicus Kaminski, Szczep. & Cieslak | |
| Gladiolus symonsii F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus szovitsii Grossh. | |
| Gladiolus taubertianus Schltr. | |
| Gladiolus tenuis M.Bieb. | |
| Gladiolus teretifolius Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos | |
| Gladiolus trichonemifolius Ker Gawl. | |
| Gladiolus triphyllus (Sm.) Ker Gawl. | |
| Gladiolus tristis L. | |
| Gladiolus tshombeanus P.A.Duvign. & Van Bockstal | |
| Gladiolus uitenhagensis Goldblatt & Vlok | |
| Gladiolus undulatus L. | |
| Gladiolus unguiculatus Baker | |
| Gladiolus usambarensis Marais ex Goldblatt | |
| Gladiolus uysiae L.Bolus ex G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus vaginatus F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus vandermerwei (L.Bolus) Goldblatt & M.P.de Vos | |
| Gladiolus variegatus (G.J.Lewis) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus varius F.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus velutinus De Wild. | |
| Gladiolus venustus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus verdickii De Wild. & T.Durand | |
| Gladiolus vernus Oberm. | |
| Gladiolus vexillare Martelli | |
| Gladiolus vigilans Barnard | |
| Gladiolus vinosomaculatus Kies | |
| Gladiolus violaceolineatus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus virescens Thunb. | |
| Gladiolus virgatus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus virgineus Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus viridiflorus G.J.Lewis | |
| Gladiolus watermeyeri L.Bolus | |
| Gladiolus watsonioides Baker | |
| Gladiolus watsonius Thunb. | 1 张图版 |
| Gladiolus wilsonii (Baker) Goldblatt & J.C.Manning | |
| Gladiolus woodii Baker | |
| Gladiolus zambesiacus Baker | |
| Gladiolus zimbabweensis Goldblatt |
历史图谱
图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。
Gladiolus cardinalis
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 135 · 1790
Sydenham Edwards
Gladiolus watsonius
Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 450 · 1799
Sydenham Edwards
Gladiolus imbricatus
Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen · 1830
Fieber
Gladiolus ringens
Flore des serres et des jardins de l'Europe · 1848
L. Stroobant, Louis van Houtte
Gladiolus gandavensis
Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 258 · 1897
种植与切花处理
RHS 介绍，有的种和品种耐寒，有的冬季需防冻；常见的园艺杂交种多数不完全耐寒，通常要挖起球茎、无霜储存，夏花杂交种约在花后六周、叶片枯黄前挖起。园艺杂交种是很好的切花，可成行种植；剪花时尽量多留叶片，以养来年的球茎。
Floralife 建议选已有几朵小花开放、1–5 枝显色的花穗，避开小花发褐干缩或叶尖焦枯的；冷藏 1–3 °C、相对湿度 75–85%，瓶插期 6–10 天。尽量直立储存，否则花穗会弯曲变形。对乙烯敏感度低，但乙烯会使未开的小花败育，可询问供应商是否做过乙烯抑制处理。它对氟敏感，要避免含氟水和软化水；茎端在水中容易长细菌生物膜；叶片易黄，可用球根花专用保鲜剂。ASPCA 把唐菖蒲列为对狗、猫和马有毒，球茎中毒性成分浓度最高。