---
title: "Vanda 万代兰属：分类、97 个接受种、分布与栽培｜芳华绘专业资料"
url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/vanda/
language: zh-CN
last_reviewed: 2026-10-24
publisher: 芳华绘（Floreboard）
---

Reichenbachia: Orchids Illustrated and Described · Tab. 57 · 1890 · Henry George Moon, Joseph Mansell · 公有领域

# Vanda R.Br.

万代兰属 · Orchidaceae

- **接受名:** Vanda R.Br.
- **首次发表:** Bot. Reg. 6: t. 506 (1821)
- **科:** Orchidaceae
- **接受种数:** 97（其中天然杂交种 7）
- **原生分布:** 35 个 TDWG 区划，热带与亚热带亚洲至新几内亚和澳大利亚东北部
- **俗名:** 万代兰属
- **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30077641-2) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/30077641-2) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/211423) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VSGZ) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/2783121)

## 概述

AOS 介绍，万代兰是大小不一的单轴生长附生或石生兰：茎直立到下垂，顶端上翘，叶片沿茎排列，基部生根，气生根常见且很多。AOS 记全属约 53 种，分布从斯里兰卡向北到尼泊尔和中国南部，向东到新几内亚和澳大利亚东北部，向北到台湾和菲律宾。WCVP 的属界更宽，接受的种数见下表。

## 分类与命名

Robert Brown 1821 年发表本属。WCVP 把鸟舌兰属 Ascocentrum、风兰属 Neofinetia、Euanthe 等并入万代兰属（见下表）：例如日本和中国传统栽培的风兰，现行学名是 Vanda falcata。本页头图是《Reichenbachia》第 2 卷第 57 图的大花万代兰 V. coerulea，WCVP 记它原生于阿萨姆、喜马拉雅东部至中国中南部和中南半岛。

| 属名 | 发表出处 |
| --- | --- |
| × Trudelianda Garay | Orchid Digest 50: 76 (1986) |
| Ascocentropsis Senghas & Schildh. | J. Orchideenfr. 7: 289 (2000) |
| Ascocentrum Schltr. | Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 975 (1913) |
| Christensonia Haager | Orchid Digest 57: 40 (1993) |
| Eparmatostigma Garay | Bot. Mus. Leafl. 23: 178 (1972) |
| Euanthe Schltr. | Orchideen Beschreib. Kult. Zücht.: 567 (1914) |
| Finetia Schltr. | Beih. Bot. Centralbl., Abt. 2. 36: 140 (1918) |
| Gunnaria S.C.Chen ex Z.J.Liu & L.J.Chen | J. Syst. Evol. 47: 602 (2009) |
| Neofinetia Hu | Rhodora 27: 107 (1925) |
| Nipponorchis Masam. | Mem. Fac. Sci. Taihoku Imp. Univ. 11(Bot., 4): 592 (1934) |
| Trudelia Garay | Orchid Digest 50: 73 (1986) |

## 分布

WCVP 记录本属原生于 35 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 1 个区划为引入或归化。

安达曼群岛阿萨姆孟加拉国俾斯麦群岛婆罗洲柬埔寨中国中北部中国中南部中国东南部东喜马拉雅海南印度日本爪哇朝鲜半岛老挝小巽他群岛马来半岛马鲁古群岛马里亚纳群岛缅甸南西诸岛尼泊尔新几内亚菲律宾昆士兰Solomon Is.斯里兰卡苏拉威西苏门答腊台湾泰国西藏越南西喜马拉雅

### 引入或归化

夏威夷

## 接受种名录

WCVP 接受 97 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-24。

| 学名 | 本站资料 |
| --- | --- |
| Vanda aliceae Motes, L.M.Gardiner & D.L.Roberts |   |
| Vanda alpina (Lindl.) Lindl. |   |
| Vanda × amoena O'Brien |   |
| Vanda ampullacea (Roxb.) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda arcuata J.J.Sm. |   |
| Vanda aurantiaca (Schltr.) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda aurea (J.J.Sm.) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda barnesii W.E.Higgins & Motes |   |
| Vanda bartholomewii Motes |   |
| Vanda bensonii Bateman |   |
| Vanda bicolor Griff. |   |
| Vanda bidupensis Aver. & Christenson |   |
| Vanda × boumaniae J.J.Sm. |   |
| Vanda brunnea Rchb.f. |   |
| Vanda celebica Rolfe |   |
| Vanda × charlesworthii Rolfe |   |
| Vanda chirayupiniae Wannakr. |   |
| Vanda chlorosantha (Garay) Christenson |   |
| Vanda christensoniana (Haager) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda coelestis (Rchb.f.) Motes |   |
| Vanda coerulea Griff. ex Lindl. | 2 张图版 |
| Vanda coerulescens Griff. |   |
| Vanda concolor Blume |   |
| Vanda cootesii Motes |   |
| Vanda crassiloba Teijsm. & Binn. ex J.J.Sm. |   |
| Vanda cristata Wall. ex Lindl. |   |
| Vanda curvifolia (Lindl.) L.M.Gardiner | 1 张图版 |
| Vanda dearei Rchb.f. |   |
| Vanda denisoniana Benson & Rchb.f. |   |
| Vanda devoogtii J.J.Sm. |   |
| Vanda dives (Rchb.f.) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda emilyae Motes |   |
| Vanda esquirolii Schltr. |   |
| Vanda falcata (Thunb.) Beer |   |
| Vanda × feliciae Cootes |   |
| Vanda flabellata (Rolfe ex Downie) Christenson |   |
| Vanda flavobrunnea Rchb.f. |   |
| Vanda floresensis Motes |   |
| Vanda foetida J.J.Sm. |   |
| Vanda frankieana Metusala & P.O'Byrne |   |
| Vanda funingensis L.H.Zou & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Vanda furva (L.) Lindl. |   |
| Vanda fuscoviridis Lindl. |   |
| Vanda garayi (Christenson) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda gardinerae Motes |   |
| Vanda gibbsiae Rolfe |   |
| Vanda gracilis Aver. |   |
| Vanda griffithii Lindl. |   |
| Vanda hastifera Rchb.f. |   |
| Vanda helvola Blume |   |
| Vanda hennisiana Ormerod & Kurzweil |   |
| Vanda hienii (Aver. & V.C.Nguyen) R.Rice |   |
| Vanda hindsii Lindl. |   |
| Vanda insignis Blume ex Lindl. | 1 张图版 |
| Vanda insularum (Christenson) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda jainii A.S.Chauhan |   |
| Vanda javierae D.Tiu ex Fessel & Lückel |   |
| Vanda jennae P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm. |   |
| Vanda karinae Motes |   |
| Vanda lamellata Lindl. |   |
| Vanda × leucostele Schltr. |   |
| Vanda lilacina Teijsm. & Binn. |   |
| Vanda limbata Blume |   |
| Vanda lindenii Rchb.f. |   |
| Vanda liouvillei Finet |   |
| Vanda × loii Motes |   |
| Vanda lombokensis J.J.Sm. |   |
| Vanda longitepala D.L.Roberts, L.M.Gardiner & Motes |   |
| Vanda luzonica Loher ex Rolfe |   |
| Vanda malipoensis L.H.Zou, Jiu X.Huang & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Vanda mariae Motes |   |
| Vanda merrillii Ames & Quisumb. |   |
| Vanda metusalae P.O'Byrne & J.J.Verm. |   |
| Vanda mindanaoensis Motes, L.M.Gardiner & D.L.Roberts |   |
| Vanda miniata (Lindl.) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda motesiana Choltco |   |
| Vanda nana L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda parviflora Lindl. |   |
| Vanda × peetersiana (Cogn.) André |   |
| Vanda perplexa Motes & D.L.Roberts |   |
| Vanda punctata Ridl. |   |
| Vanda roeblingiana Rolfe |   |
| Vanda rubra (Lindl.) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda sanderiana (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. |   |
| Vanda sathishii Motes |   |
| Vanda saxatilis J.J.Sm. |   |
| Vanda scandens Holttum |   |
| Vanda suavis Lindl. |   |
| Vanda sumatrana Schltr. |   |
| Vanda tessellata (Roxb.) Hook. ex G.Don | 1 张图版 |
| Vanda testacea (Lindl.) Rchb.f. |   |
| Vanda thwaitesii Hook.f. |   |
| Vanda tricolor Lindl. |   |
| Vanda ustii Golamco, Claustro & de Mesa |   |
| Vanda vietnamica (Haager) L.M.Gardiner |   |
| Vanda vipanii Rchb.f. |   |
| Vanda wightii Rchb.f. |   |

## 历史图谱

图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。

- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/roxburgh-coromandel-42.jpg)Epidendrum tessellatumPlants of the Coast of Coromandel · 42 · 1795,
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/illustration-horticole-vanda-coerulea.jpg)Vanda cœruleaL'Illustration horticole · 1860, L. Stroobant
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/illustration-horticole-ascocentrum-curvifolium.jpg)Saccolabium curvifoliumL'Illustration horticole · 1866, L. Stroobant
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bot-mag-5759.jpg)Vanda insignisCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 5759 · 1869, Walter Hood Fitch
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/reichenbachia-2-57.jpg)Vanda cœruleaReichenbachia: Orchids Illustrated and Described · Tab. 57 · 1890, Henry George Moon, Joseph Mansell

## 栽培要点

AOS 认为光照是万代兰生长和开花最重要的因素，花的质量与光照直接相关，通常夏季强光下开得最好；冬季花较差，但 V. coerulea 及其杂交种反而在凉爽的冬季开得更好。所有种都需要很亮但非直射的光、中温到高温（夜间约 12.7–22.2 °C）和充足的水分，多数情况下根系健康的植株宜每天浇水。

可以用中粗颗粒的兰花树皮盆栽，但多数种更喜欢不放基质的吊篮。万代兰要求环境稳定，温度和浇水波动会使下部叶片脱落，变成只剩顶端几片叶的“光杆”。气生根可用消过毒的工具剪到约 60 厘米长。浇水的水温低于 10 °C、硬水或用盐软化过的水都会伤害植株。

## 延伸阅读

- [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/)

## 参考资料

- [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-24
- [美国兰花学会（AOS）· Vanda 属介绍](https://www.aos.org/explore/vanda)
- [美国兰花学会（AOS）· Vanda Culture Sheet](https://www.aos.org/orchid-care/care-sheets/vanda-culture-sheet)

名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-24）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。