--- title: "玫瑰 Rosa rugosa：命名、异名、分布与历史图谱｜芳华绘专业资料" url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/rosa-rugosa/ language: zh-CN last_reviewed: 2026-10-10 publisher: Floreboard (芳华绘) --- Les Roses · 1817–1824 · Pierre-Joseph Redouté · 公有领域 # Rosa rugosa Thunb. 玫瑰 · 蔷薇属 · Rosaceae - **接受名:** Rosa rugosa Thunb. - **首次发表:** J.A.Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 473 (1784) - **属:** [Rosa](https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/rosa/) L. · Rosaceae - **俗名:** 玫瑰 - **原生分布:** 中国中北部、日本、Kamchatka、朝鲜半岛、Manchuria、Primorye、Sakhalin - **引入或归化:** 60 个区划 - **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:927373-1) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/927373-1) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/2902118) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/4TDX9) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/3003979) ## 识别 Rosa rugosa 是强健的灌木，高约 1.2–1.8 米，茎上密生大小不一的皮刺。小叶叶脉明显下陷，叶面因此显得皱缩，种加词 rugosa 即“皱”的意思。花有浓香，紫红色，直径约 9 厘米，从初夏起陆续开放；果鲜红，形似小番茄，直径 2.5 厘米以上，顶端宿存萼片。植物智以“玫瑰”为其中文名。 ## 命名与异名 Thunberg 于 1784 年发表 Rosa rugosa。它十八世纪末已在英国栽培，当时用的名字是 Rosa ferox；Redouté《Les Roses》里的 Rosa Kamtschatica，在 WCVP 中也是它的异名。异名全表可以展开查看。 | 名称 | 发表出处 | | --- | --- | | Rosa rugosa Thunb. | J.A.Murray, Syst. Veg., ed. 14: 473 (1784) | | Rosa rugosa var. typica Regel | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 309 (1878) | 异模式异名 42 个 | Rosa andreae Lange | Index Seminum (C, Hauniensi) 1874: 23 (1874) | | --- | --- | | Rosa calocarpa (André) E.Willm. | Rosa 1: 189 (1911) | | Rosa camschatica Lindl. | Ros. Monogr.: 6 (1820) | | Rosa coruscans K.F.Waitz ex Link | Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 57 (1822) | | Rosa fastuosa K.Koch | Dendrologie 1: 239 (1869) | | Rosa ferox Lawrance | Collect. Roses Nat.: t. 42 (1797) | | Rosa kamtchatica Vent. | Descr. Pl. Nouv.: t. 67 (1802) | | Rosa kamtchatica var. ferox (Lawrance) Ser. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 2: 607 (1825) | | Rosa kamtchatica var. ferox Van Geel | Sert. Bot. 4 (cl. 13): t. (1832) | | Rosa kamtchatica var. nitens Lindl. | Bot. Reg. 10: t. 824 (1824) | | Rosa maikwai H.Hara | J. Jap. Bot. 32: 315 (1957) | | Rosa pubescens Baker | E.A.Willmott, Genus Rosa 2(25): 499 (1914) | | Rosa regeliana Linden & André | Ill. Hort. 18: 11 (1871) | | Rosa rugosa alba T.S.Ware | Garden (London, 1871-1927) 6: 262 (1874) | | Rosa rugosa calocarpa André | Rev. Hort. (Paris) 63: 129 (1891) | | Rosa rugosa f. alba (T.S.Ware) Rehder | Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 306 (1949) | | Rosa rugosa f. albaplena (Rehder) Rehder | Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 306 (1949) | | Rosa rugosa f. amurensis Debeaux | Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 31: 152 (1876) | | Rosa rugosa f. plena (Regel) Bijh. | J. Arnold Arbor. 10: 98 (1929) | | Rosa rugosa f. rosea (Rehder) Rehder | Bibliogr. Cult. Trees: 306 (1949) | | Rosa rugosa f. rubroplena (Rehder) Rehder | J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 204 (1924) | | Rosa rugosa repens-alba Anon. | Garden (London, 1871-1927) 74: 279 (1910) | | Rosa rugosa subsp. coruscans (K.F.Waitz ex Link) Juel, R.E.Fr. & Örtendahl | Index Seminum (UPS, Upsaliensi) 1910: 15 (1911) | | Rosa rugosa var. alba (T.S.Ware) Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1556 (1902) | | Rosa rugosa var. albaplena Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1556 (1902) | | Rosa rugosa var. albiflora Koidz. | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 180 (1909) | | Rosa rugosa var. chamissoniana Rehder & E.H.Wilson | C.S.Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 321 (1915) | | Rosa rugosa var. chamissoniana C.A.Mey. | Zimmtrosen: 34 (1847) | | Rosa rugosa var. coruscans (K.F.Waitz ex Link) Koehne | Deut. Dendrol.: 298 (1893) | | Rosa rugosa var. ferox C.A.Mey. | Zimmtrosen: 33 (1847) | | Rosa rugosa var. glabriuscula Crép. | Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 11: 55 (1872) | | Rosa rugosa var. kamtchatica (Vent.) Regel | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 310 (1878) | | Rosa rugosa var. lindleyana C.A.Mey. | Zimmtrosen: 34 (1847) | | Rosa rugosa var. nitens (Lindl.) Regel | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 310 (1878) | | Rosa rugosa var. plena Regel | Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 5: 310 (1878) | | Rosa rugosa var. regeliana (Linden & André) Wittm. | Gartenflora 42: 539 (1893) | | Rosa rugosa var. rosea Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1556 (1902) | | Rosa rugosa var. rubra Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 4: 1556 (1902) | | Rosa rugosa var. rubroplena Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 5: 2992 (1916) | | Rosa rugosa var. subinermis C.A.Mey. | Zimmtrosen: 36 (1847) | | Rosa rugosa var. thunbergiana C.A.Mey. | Zimmtrosen: 32 (1847) | | Rosa rugosa var. ventenatiana C.A.Mey. | Zimmtrosen: 35 (1847) | ## 分布 WCVP 记录本种原生于 7 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 60 个区划为引入或归化。 中国中北部日本Kamchatka朝鲜半岛ManchuriaPrimoryeSakhalin ### 引入或归化 引入区划（60） AlaskaAltayBaltic StatesBelarusBelgiumBritish ColumbiaBulgariaBuryatiyaCentral European RussiaConnecticutCzechia-SlovakiaDelawareDenmarkEast European RussiaFalkland Is.FinlandFranceGermanyGreat BritainHungaryIllinoisInner MongoliaIrelandItalyKentuckyMaineMarylandMassachusettsMichiganMinnesotaMissouriNetherlandsNew BrunswickNew HampshireNew JerseyNew YorkNewfoundlandNorth European RussiaNorthwest European RussiaNorwayNova ScotiaNW. Balkan Pen.OhioOntarioPennsylvaniaPolandPrince Edward I.QuébecRhode I.RomaniaSouth European RussiaSwedenSwitzerlandUkraineUtahVermontVirginiaWashingtonWest VirginiaWisconsin ## 历史图谱与图上名称 图版上印的是当时的名字。下表按 WCVP 的异名与误用名记录，把每张图的原名对应到现行的种或亚种。 图上原名 · 出处现行单元Rosa KamtschaticaLes Roses · 1817–1824Rosa rugosa Thunb. WCVP 异名：Rosa kamtchatica Vent. （图上拼写不同）Rosa rugosaRosarum Monographia; or, A Botanical History of Roses · 19 · 1820Rosa rugosa Thunb.Rosa rugosa（Wrinkled Rose）Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 73 · 1896Rosa rugosa Thunb. ## 原生地与用途 原生于俄罗斯远东、朝鲜半岛、日本和中国北部，多见于近海的沙质土。育种上看重它的耐寒性和抗病的叶片。花店切花里很少直接用到它，但它是理解“玫瑰”这个中文名本义的关键。 ## 延伸阅读 - [蔷薇属 Rosa](https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/rosa/) - [月季知识库：养护、处理与花艺应用](https://floreboard.com/rose/#rugosa) - [花材图鉴](https://floreboard.com/zh/flowers/rose/) - [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/) ## 参考资料 - [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-19 - [Trees and Shrubs Online · Rosa rugosa](https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/rosa/rosa-rugosa/) - [植物智 iPlant · 玫瑰 Rosa rugosa](https://www.iplant.cn/info/Rosa%20rugosa) - [Kew POWO · Rosa rugosa](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:927373-1) 名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-19）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。