---
title: "Phalaenopsis 蝴蝶兰属：分类、93 个接受种、分布与历史图谱｜芳华绘专业资料"
url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/phalaenopsis/
language: zh-CN
last_reviewed: 2026-10-10
publisher: Floreboard (芳华绘)
---

The Orchid Album · Pl. 277 · 1887 · John Nugent Fitch · 公有领域

# Phalaenopsis Blume

蝴蝶兰属 · Orchidaceae

- **接受名:** Phalaenopsis Blume
- **首次发表:** Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 294 (1825)
- **科:** Orchidaceae
- **接受种数:** 93（其中天然杂交种 10）
- **原生分布:** 34 个 TDWG 区划，热带、亚热带亚洲至澳大利亚东北部
- **俗名:** 蝴蝶兰属、蝴蝶兰、蝶兰
- **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30326-1) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/30326-1) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/151129) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8W2B9) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/2804680)

## 概述

蝴蝶兰属 Phalaenopsis 是兰科的一个属；花店出售的盆花多数是多代选育的园艺杂交品种。属、原生种、杂交群和某个无性系是不同层级。

本属原生范围跨热带、亚热带亚洲至澳大利亚东北部。许多种附着于树干或枝条，借树获得支撑和散射光，根系接触空气、雨水及树皮表面的养分，并不从树体吸取汁液。

蝴蝶兰通常为单轴生长：短茎顶端不断形成新叶，根从茎部发生，花序常从叶腋伸出。常见商品类型没有明显假鳞茎，肉质叶和根承担储水等功能。

## 分类与命名

Phalaenopsis 属由 Blume 于 1825 年发表。常用分类位置是兰科 Orchidaceae、树兰亚科 Epidendroideae、万代兰族 Vandeae、指甲兰亚族 Aeridinae。属名包含“像蛾”的含义，因此英语常称 moth orchid。

分类会随分子证据调整。WCVP 目前把下表中的属名列为本属的异名，旧文献和旧标签上的 Doritis、Kingidium、Polychilos 等名称，可以据此对应到 Phalaenopsis。

| 属名 | 发表出处 |
| --- | --- |
| Doritis Lindl. | Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl.: 178 (1833) |
| Grafia A.D.Hawkes | Phytologia 13: 305 (1966) |
| Grussia M.Wolff | Orchid. Atlas: 165 (2007) |
| Hygrochilus Pfitzer | H.G.A.Engler & K.A.E.Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam., Nachtr. 1: 112 (1897) |
| Kingidium P.F.Hunt | Kew Bull. 24: 97 (1970) |
| Kingiella Rolfe | Orchid Rev. 25: 196 (1917) |
| Lesliea Seidenf. | Opera Bot. 95: 190 (1988) |
| Nothodoritis Z.H.Tsi | Acta Phytotax. Sin. 27: 58 (1989) |
| Ornithochilus (Lindl.) Wall. ex Heynh. | Alph. Aufz. Gew. 2: 457 (1846) |
| Polychilos Breda | Gen. Sp. Orchid. Asclep. 1: t. [1] (1828) |
| Polystylus Hasselt ex Hassk. | Retzia 1: 3 (1855) |
| Sedirea Garay & H.R.Sweet | Orchids S. Ryukyu Is.: 149 (1974) |
| Stauritis Rchb.f. | Hamburger Garten- Blumenzeitung 18: 34 (1862) |
| Stauroglottis Schauer | Nov. Actorum Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 19(Suppl. 1): 432 (1843) |
| Synadena Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 9 (1838) |

## 分布

WCVP 记录本属原生于 34 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 1 个区划为引入或归化。

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### 引入或归化

巴拿马

## 接受种名录

WCVP 接受 93 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-19。

| 学名 | 本站资料 |
| --- | --- |
| [Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume](https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/phalaenopsis-amabilis/) | 资料页 · 6 张图版 |
| Phalaenopsis amboinensis J.J.Sm. |   |
| Phalaenopsis × amphitrite Kraenzl. |   |
| Phalaenopsis aphrodite Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis appendiculata Carr |   |
| Phalaenopsis bastianii O.Gruss & Roellke |   |
| Phalaenopsis bellina (Rchb.f.) Christenson |   |
| Phalaenopsis boulbetii (Telepova) J.M.H.Shaw |   |
| Phalaenopsis braceana (Hook.f.) Christenson |   |
| Phalaenopsis cacharensis (Barbhuiya, B.K.Dutta & Schuit.) Kocyan & Schuit. |   |
| Phalaenopsis celebensis H.R.Sweet |   |
| Phalaenopsis chibae T.Yukawa |   |
| Phalaenopsis cochlearis Holttum |   |
| Phalaenopsis corningiana Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis cornu-cervi (Breda) Blume & Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis deliciosa Rchb.f. | 1 张图版 |
| Phalaenopsis difformis (Wall. ex Lindl.) Kocyan & Schuit. |   |
| Phalaenopsis doweryensis Garay & Christenson |   |
| Phalaenopsis equestris (Schauer) Rchb.f. | 1 张图版 |
| Phalaenopsis fasciata Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis fimbriata J.J.Sm. |   |
| Phalaenopsis finleyi Christenson |   |
| Phalaenopsis floresensis Fowlie |   |
| Phalaenopsis formosana (Christenson) J.M.H.Shaw |   |
| Phalaenopsis fuscata Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis × gersenii (Teijsm. & Binn.) Rolfe |   |
| Phalaenopsis gibbosa H.R.Sweet |   |
| Phalaenopsis gigantea J.J.Sm. |   |
| Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica (Rchb.f.) H.R.Sweet |   |
| Phalaenopsis honghenensis F.Y.Liu |   |
| Phalaenopsis hookeriana (O.Gruss & Roellke) O.Gruss |   |
| Phalaenopsis inscriptiosinensis Fowlie |   |
| Phalaenopsis × intermedia Lindl. | 1 张图版 |
| Phalaenopsis japonica (Rchb.f.) Kocyan & Schuit. |   |
| Phalaenopsis javanica J.J.Sm. |   |
| Phalaenopsis kapuasensis Metusala & P.O'Byrne |   |
| Phalaenopsis kunstleri Hook.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis laotica (O.Gruss & Aver.) O.Gruss |   |
| Phalaenopsis × leda Rolfe |   |
| Phalaenopsis × leucorrhoda Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis lindenii Loher |   |
| Phalaenopsis lobbii (Rchb.f.) H.R.Sweet |   |
| Phalaenopsis × lotubela O.Gruss, Cavestro & G.Benk |   |
| Phalaenopsis lowii Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis lueddemanniana Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis luteola Burb. ex Garay, Christenson & O.Gruss |   |
| Phalaenopsis maculata Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis malipoensis Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Phalaenopsis mannii Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis mariae Burb. ex R.Warner & H.Williams |   |
| Phalaenopsis marriottiana (Rchb.f.) Kocyan & Schuit. |   |
| Phalaenopsis medogensis X.H.Jin & C.B.Ma |   |
| Phalaenopsis mentawaiensis O.Gruss |   |
| Phalaenopsis micholitzii Sander ex H.J.Veitch |   |
| Phalaenopsis mirabilis (Seidenf.) Schuit. |   |
| Phalaenopsis modesta J.J.Sm. |   |
| Phalaenopsis mysorensis C.J.Saldanha |   |
| Phalaenopsis natmataungensis (T.Yukawa, Nob.Tanaka & J.Murata) Dalström & Ormerod |   |
| Phalaenopsis pallens (Lindl.) Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis pantherina Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis parishii Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis philippinensis Golamco ex Fowlie & C.Z.Tang |   |
| Phalaenopsis pulcherrima (Lindl.) J.J.Sm. |   |
| Phalaenopsis pulchra (Rchb.f.) H.R.Sweet |   |
| Phalaenopsis putaoensis X.H.Jin & H.A.Mung |   |
| Phalaenopsis quadridentata M.Khanal & Kumar |   |
| Phalaenopsis reichenbachiana Rchb.f. & Sander |   |
| Phalaenopsis robinsonii J.J.Sm. |   |
| Phalaenopsis × rolfeana H.R.Sweet |   |
| Phalaenopsis rundumensis P.J.Cribb & A.Lamb |   |
| Phalaenopsis sabahensis (R.Rice) R.Kr.Singh & Sanjeet Kumar |   |
| Phalaenopsis sanderiana Rchb.f. | 1 张图版 |
| Phalaenopsis schilleriana Rchb.f. | 2 张图版 |
| Phalaenopsis × singuliflora J.J.Sm. |   |
| Phalaenopsis stobartiana Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis stuartiana Rchb.f. | 1 张图版 |
| Phalaenopsis subparishii (Z.H.Tsi) Kocyan & Schuit. |   |
| Phalaenopsis sumatrana Korth. & Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis taenialis (Lindl.) Christenson & Pradhan |   |
| Phalaenopsis tengchongensis Z.J.Liu, S.R.Lan & O.Gruss |   |
| Phalaenopsis tetraspis Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis thailandica O.Gruss & Roeth |   |
| Phalaenopsis tsii (M.H.Li, Z.J.Liu & S.R.Lan) Hua Deng, Z.J.Liu & Yan Wang |   |
| Phalaenopsis ubonensis (O.Gruss) J.M.H.Shaw |   |
| Phalaenopsis × valentinii Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis × veitchiana Rchb.f. |   |
| Phalaenopsis venosa Shim & Fowlie |   |
| Phalaenopsis violacea H.Witte |   |
| Phalaenopsis viridis J.J.Sm. |   |
| Phalaenopsis wilsonii Rolfe |   |
| Phalaenopsis yingjiangensis (Z.H.Tsi) Kocyan & Schuit. |   |
| Phalaenopsis zhanhuoana X.H.Jin & Shi Y.Qin |   |
| Phalaenopsis zhejiangensis (Z.H.Tsi) Schuit. |   |

## 历史图谱

图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。

- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-bm-4297)Phalaenopsis amabilisCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 4297 · 1847, Walter Hood Fitch
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-bm-5184)Phalaenopsis grandifloraCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 5184 · 1860, Walter Hood Fitch
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-bm-5212)Phalaenopsis roseaCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 5212 · 1860, Walter Hood Fitch
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-ih-10-348)Phalaenopsis schilleriana Reichb. f.L'Illustration horticole · 348 · 1863, P. Stroobant, L. Stroobant
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-bm-5530)Phalaenopsis schillerianaCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 5530 · 1865, Walter Hood Fitch
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-sc2-114)Phalaenopsis grandiflora（正文）A Second Century of Orchidaceous Plants · Pl. 114 · 1867, Walter Hood Fitch
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-oa-6-277)Phalaenopsis grandifloraThe Orchid Album · Pl. 277 · 1887, John Nugent Fitch
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-reichenbachia-1-11)Phalaenopsis grandiflora aureaReichenbachia: Orchids Illustrated and Described · Tab. 11 · 1888, Henry George Moon, Joseph Mansell
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-reichenbachia-1-42)Phalaenopsis StuartianaReichenbachia: Orchids Illustrated and Described · Tab. 42 · 1888, Henry George Moon, Joseph Mansell
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-reichenbachia-2-2-68)Phalaenopsis Sanderiana, Phalaenopsis intermedia PorteiReichenbachia: Orchids Illustrated and Described · Tab. 68 · 1892–1894, Henry George Moon, Joseph Mansell
- [](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/#plate-java-atlas-416-417)Phalaenopsis amabilis Bl., Phalaenopsis Hebe Rchb. f.Die Orchideen von Java, Figuren-Atlas · fig. CDXVI–CDXVII · 1912, Johannes Jacobus Smith, M. Kromohardjo

## 园艺与育种

现代盆栽蝴蝶兰的普及，依赖育种、播种与组培育苗、温室花期管理三个环节的衔接。早期大白花、粉花路线重视花形和切花质量，后来盆花市场还追求紧凑株型、花梗分枝、花数、斑纹及香气。

园艺杂交群称 grex，由明确亲本组合产生，可在 RHS 国际兰花杂交登录库按杂交群或亲本检索；商品名称和花色叫法不能代替可追溯的品种名称。

## 延伸阅读

- [Phalaenopsis amabilis · 美丽蝴蝶兰](https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/phalaenopsis-amabilis/)
- [蝴蝶兰系统知识库：养护、处理与花艺应用](https://floreboard.com/phalaenopsis/)
- [花材图鉴](https://floreboard.com/zh/flowers/orchid/)
- [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/)

## 参考资料

- [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-19
- [Kew POWO · Phalaenopsis 属的分类与分布](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30326-1/general-information)
- [马里兰大学推广 · Care of Phalaenopsis Orchids](https://extension.umd.edu/resource/care-phalaenopsis-orchids-moth-orchids)
- [Griesbach 2002 · Development of Phalaenopsis Orchids for the Mass-Market](https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ncnu02/v5-458.html)
- [RHS · 国际兰花杂交登录库](https://apps.rhs.org.uk/horticulturaldatabase/orchidregister/orchidregister.asp)

名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-19）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。