---
title: "Kalanchoe 伽蓝菜属：分类、203 个接受种、长寿花与短日照开花、宠物毒性｜芳华绘专业资料"
url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/kalanchoe/
language: zh-CN
last_reviewed: 2026-10-28
publisher: 芳华绘（Floreboard）
---

Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 5147 · 1859 · Walter Hood Fitch · 公有领域

# Kalanchoe Adans.

伽蓝菜属 · Crassulaceae

- **接受名:** Kalanchoe Adans.
- **首次发表:** Fam. Pl. 2: 248 (1763)
- **科:** Crassulaceae
- **接受种数:** 203（其中天然杂交种 25）
- **原生分布:** 71 个 TDWG 区划，旧世界热带与亚热带
- **俗名:** 伽蓝菜属
- **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30060186-2) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/30060186-2) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/2333872) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/577G) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/2985928)

## 概述

伽蓝菜属 Kalanchoe 属景天科。Kew 记载的原生范围是旧世界的热带与亚热带；Flora of China 说本属约 125 种，产非洲和亚洲，中国 4 种（2 种特有）；WCVP 把落地生根属 Bryophyllum 等并入后，接受的种更多，见下表。

盆花“长寿花”是 K. blossfeldiana。Kew 记它原生于马达加斯加东北部，是肉质亚灌木，主要生于季节性干旱的热带。克莱姆森大学推广服务说，它是德国育种家 Robert Blossfeld 1932 年引入栽培的；花小、四瓣，成簇开在叶丛上方，重瓣品种每朵花可多达 26 枚花瓣，花色有红、洋红、粉、橙、黄和白。

## 分类与形态

WCVP 以 Adanson 1763 年的《Familles des Plantes》为本属的发表处；Bryophyllum（落地生根属）、Kitchingia 等都作为异名并入，所以落地生根今天也是 Kalanchoe 的种。

Flora of China 的描述：草本（有时二年生）、亚灌木或灌木；叶对生，常抱茎，叶缘全缘、有齿、有圆齿，或为羽状复叶；聚伞花序顶生，多花；花两性、直立、四基数；花冠高脚碟状，黄色（或白、红、粉、橙色），裂片比花冠管长；雄蕊为花瓣数的两倍；蓇葖果，种子多数。

| 属名 | 发表出处 |
| --- | --- |
| Baumgartenia Tratt. | Auswahl Gartenpflanzen: 110 (1821) |
| Bryophyllum Salisb. | Parad. Lond. 1: t. 3 (1805) |
| Crassuvia Comm. ex Lam. | Encycl. 2: 141 (1786) |
| Geaya Costantin & Poiss. | Compt. Rend. Hebd. Séances Acad. Sci. 147: 636 (1908) |
| Kitchingia Baker | J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 18: 268 (1881) |
| Meristostylus Klotzsch | W.C.H.Peters, Naturw. Reise Mossambique 6(Bot., 1): 267 (1861) |
| Physocalycium Vest | Flora 3: 409 (1820) |
| Vereia Andrews | Bot. Repos. 1: t. 21 (1798) |

## 分布

WCVP 记录本属原生于 71 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 111 个区划为引入或归化。

原生区划（71）

Angola阿萨姆孟加拉国BeninBotswanaBurkinaBurundi柬埔寨Cameroon开普省Caprivi StripCentral African RepublicChad中国中南部中国东南部科摩罗Congo库克群岛Djibouti刚果民主共和国东喜马拉雅厄立特里亚Eswatini埃塞俄比亚自由州GabonGambiaGhanaGuineaGuinea-Bissau几内亚湾诸岛印度Ivory Coast爪哇肯尼亚夸祖鲁-纳塔尔老挝莱索托小巽他群岛马达加斯加MalawiMali摩洛哥Mozambique缅甸Namibia南西诸岛尼泊尔NigerNigeria南非北部诸省Oman菲律宾Rwanda沙特阿拉伯Sierra LeoneSocotra索马里斯里兰卡苏丹-南苏丹苏拉威西台湾坦桑尼亚泰国西藏Uganda越南西喜马拉雅也门Zambia津巴布韦

### 引入或归化

引入区划（111）

亚拉巴马阿尔及利亚安达曼群岛阿根廷东北部Argentina Northwest亚利桑那Ascension亚速尔群岛Bahamas巴利阿里群岛Belize百慕大玻利维亚婆罗洲Brazil NorthBrazil Northeast巴西南部巴西东南部Brazil West-Central加利福尼亚加那利群岛Cape Verde加罗林群岛Cayman Is.Chagos ArchipelagoCocos (Keeling) Is.哥伦比亚科西嘉哥斯达黎加古巴多米尼加厄瓜多尔萨尔瓦多Fiji佛罗里达Galápagos吉尔伯特群岛希腊危地马拉Haiti夏威夷洪都拉斯伊拉克意大利Jamaica日本Kermadec Is.Leeward Is.LiberiaLine Is.马德拉马来半岛Maldives马鲁古群岛Marcus I.马里亚纳群岛MarquesasMarshall Is.毛里求斯墨西哥中部墨西哥湾沿岸墨西哥东北部墨西哥西北部墨西哥东南部墨西哥西南部NauruNetherlands AntillesNew Caledonia新几内亚新南威尔士新西兰北岛尼加拉瓜Niue诺福克岛小笠原群岛巴基斯坦Paraguay秘鲁葡萄牙Puerto Rico昆士兰留尼汪RodriguesSamoa撒丁SenegalSeychelles西西里Society Is.Solomon Is.南澳大利亚Southwest Caribbean西班牙St.Helena苏门答腊得克萨斯Tokelau-ManihikiTonga特立尼达和多巴哥TuamotuTubuai Is.突尼斯土耳其（亚洲部分）Turks-Caicos Is.Tuvalu瓦努阿图委内瑞拉维多利亚Wake I.西澳大利亚Windward Is.

## 接受种名录

WCVP 接受 203 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-28。

展开全部 203 个接受种

| 学名 | 本站资料 |
| --- | --- |
| Kalanchoe adelae Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe alternans (Vahl) Pers. |   |
| Kalanchoe alticola Compton |   |
| Kalanchoe ambolensis Humbert |   |
| Kalanchoe angolensis N.E.Br. |   |
| Kalanchoe antennifera Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe apiifolia D.-P.Klein, Shtein & Callm. |   |
| Kalanchoe arborescens Humbert |   |
| Kalanchoe aromatica H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe aubrevillei Raym.-Hamet ex Cufod. |   |
| Kalanchoe × auriculata (Raadts) V.V.Byalt |   |
| Kalanchoe ballyi Raym.-Hamet ex Cufod. |   |
| Kalanchoe beauverdii Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe beharensis Drake |   |
| Kalanchoe benbothae Gideon F.Sm. & N.R.Crouch |   |
| Kalanchoe bentii C.H.Wright ex Hook f. |   |
| Kalanchoe berevoensis Rebmann |   |
| Kalanchoe bergeri Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe bhidei T.Cooke |   |
| Kalanchoe bipartita Chiov. |   |
| Kalanchoe bitteri Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe blossfeldiana Poelln. |   |
| Kalanchoe bogneri Rauh |   |
| Kalanchoe boisii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe boranae Raadts |   |
| Kalanchoe bouvetii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe brachyloba Welw. ex Britten |   |
| Kalanchoe bracteata Scott Elliot |   |
| Kalanchoe brevicalyx (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo |   |
| Kalanchoe briquetii Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe campanulata (Baker) Baill. |   |
| Kalanchoe ceratophylla Haw. |   |
| Kalanchoe chapototii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe cherukondensis Subba Rao & Kumari |   |
| Kalanchoe chevalieri Gagnep. |   |
| Kalanchoe citrina Schweinf. |   |
| Kalanchoe costantinii Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe crenata (Andrews) Haw. | 1 张图版 |
| Kalanchoe crouchii Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo |   |
| Kalanchoe crundallii I.Verd. |   |
| Kalanchoe curvula Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe cymbifolia Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe daigremontiana Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe darainensis D.-P.Klein & Callm. |   |
| Kalanchoe decumbens Compton |   |
| Kalanchoe deficiens (Forssk.) Asch. & Schweinf. |   |
| Kalanchoe delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh. |   |
| Kalanchoe deliae Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe densiflora Rolfe |   |
| Kalanchoe × descoingsii Shtein, Gideon F.Sm. & J.Ikeda |   |
| Kalanchoe dineshii Syam Radh & Nampy |   |
| Kalanchoe dinklagei Rauh |   |
| Kalanchoe dyeri N.E.Br. |   |
| Kalanchoe × edwardii Gideon F.Sm. & Shtein |   |
| Kalanchoe elizae A.Berger |   |
| Kalanchoe eriophylla Hils. & Bojer ex Tul. |   |
| Kalanchoe × estrelae Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe fadeniorum Raadts |   |
| Kalanchoe farinacea Balf.f. |   |
| Kalanchoe faustii Font Quer |   |
| Kalanchoe fedtschenkoi Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe × felthamensis Anon. |   |
| Kalanchoe fernandesii Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe × flaurantia Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe × forbesiae Gideon F.Sm. & Hankey |   |
| Kalanchoe gastonis-bonnieri Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe germanae Raym.-Hamet ex Raadts |   |
| Kalanchoe gideonsmithii N.R.Crouch & Figueiredo |   |
| Kalanchoe × gildenhuysii Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo |   |
| Kalanchoe glaucescens Britten |   |
| Kalanchoe globulifera H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe gracilipes (Baker) Baill. |   |
| Kalanchoe grandidieri Baill. |   |
| Kalanchoe grandiflora Wight & Arn. |   |
| Kalanchoe guignardii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe × gunniae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo |   |
| Kalanchoe hametiorum Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe × hankeyi Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe hauseri Werderm. |   |
| Kalanchoe hildebrandtii Baill. |   |
| Kalanchoe hirta Harv. |   |
| Kalanchoe × houghtonii D.B.Ward |   |
| Kalanchoe humifica Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe humilis Britten |   |
| Kalanchoe × hummeliae Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe hypseloleuce Friis & M.G.Gilbert |   |
| Kalanchoe inaurata Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe inopinatum Rebmann |   |
| Kalanchoe integra (Medik.) Kuntze |   |
| Kalanchoe integrifolia Baker |   |
| Kalanchoe jongmansii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe × kewensis W.Watson |   |
| Kalanchoe klopperae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo |   |
| Kalanchoe krigeae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo |   |
| Kalanchoe laciniata (L.) DC. |   |
| Kalanchoe laetivirens Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe lanceolata (Forssk.) Pers. |   |
| Kalanchoe lateritia Engl. |   |
| Kalanchoe latisepala N.E.Br. |   |
| Kalanchoe laxiflora Baker |   |
| Kalanchoe leblanciae Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe × leistneri Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe lindmanii Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe linearifolia Drake |   |
| Kalanchoe lobata R.Fern. |   |
| Kalanchoe × lokarana Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe longiflora Schltr. ex J.M.Wood |   |
| Kalanchoe longifolia E.T.Geddes |   |
| Kalanchoe lubangensis R.Fern. |   |
| Kalanchoe luciae Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe luteola D.-P.Klein, Letsara & Mangelsdorff |   |
| Kalanchoe macrochlamys H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe manambolensis D.-P.Klein, Letsara & Shtein |   |
| Kalanchoe mandrarensis Humbert |   |
| Kalanchoe manginii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe marmorata Baker |   |
| Kalanchoe marnieriana H.Jacobsen ex L.Allorge |   |
| Kalanchoe migiurtinorum Cufod. |   |
| Kalanchoe millotii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe miniata Hils. & Bojer ex Tul. |   |
| Kalanchoe mitejea Leblanc & Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe montana Compton |   |
| Kalanchoe mortagei Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe ndotoensis L.E.Newton |   |
| Kalanchoe neglecta Toelken |   |
| Kalanchoe nyikae Engl. |   |
| Kalanchoe × oberlanderi Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe obtusa Engl. |   |
| Kalanchoe olivacea Dalzell |   |
| Kalanchoe olivierae Gideon F.Sm. & N.R.Crouch |   |
| Kalanchoe orgyalis Baker |   |
| Kalanchoe paniculata Harv. |   |
| Kalanchoe pareikiana Desc. & Lavranos |   |
| Kalanchoe peltata (Baker) Baill. |   |
| Kalanchoe peltigera Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe perrieri Shtein, Gideon F.Sm. & D.-P.Klein |   |
| Kalanchoe peteri Werderm. |   |
| Kalanchoe petitiana A.Rich. |   |
| Kalanchoe pinnata (Lam.) Pers. | 1 张图版 |
| Kalanchoe × poincarei Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe porphyrocalyx (Baker) Baill. |   |
| Kalanchoe prasina N.E.Br. |   |
| Kalanchoe prittwitzii Engl. |   |
| Kalanchoe prolifera (Bowie ex Hook.) Raym.-Hamet | 1 张图版 |
| Kalanchoe pseudocampanulata Mannoni & Boiteau |   |
| Kalanchoe pubescens Baker |   |
| Kalanchoe pumila Baker |   |
| Kalanchoe quadrangularis Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe quartiniana A.Rich. |   |
| Kalanchoe rebmannii Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe × rechingeri Raym.-Hamet ex Rauh & Hebding |   |
| Kalanchoe × resendeana Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe rhombopilosa Mannoni & Boiteau |   |
| Kalanchoe × richaudii Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe × robertsonii Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe robusta Balf.f. |   |
| Kalanchoe rolandi-bonapartei Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe rosea C.B.Clarke |   |
| Kalanchoe rosei Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe rotundifolia (Haw.) Haw. |   |
| Kalanchoe rubella (Baker) Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe salazarii Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe sanctula Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe scandens H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe scapigera Welw. ex Britten |   |
| Kalanchoe schimperiana A.Rich. |   |
| Kalanchoe schizophylla (Baker) Baill. |   |
| Kalanchoe schliebenii Werderm. |   |
| Kalanchoe serrata Mannoni & Boiteau |   |
| Kalanchoe sexangularis N.E.Br. |   |
| Kalanchoe × sogae Gideon F.Sm. & Figueiredo |   |
| Kalanchoe stearnii Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe stenosiphon Britten |   |
| Kalanchoe steyniae Gideon F.Sm. & N.R.Crouch |   |
| Kalanchoe streptantha Baker |   |
| Kalanchoe suarezensis H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe subrosulata Thulin |   |
| Kalanchoe synsepala Baker |   |
| Kalanchoe tachingshuii S.S.Ying |   |
| Kalanchoe taiwanensis S.S.Ying |   |
| Kalanchoe tashiroi Yamam. |   |
| Kalanchoe teixeirae Raym.-Hamet ex R.Fern. |   |
| Kalanchoe tenuiflora Desc. |   |
| Kalanchoe tetramera E.T.Geddes |   |
| Kalanchoe tetraphylla H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe thyrsiflora Harv. |   |
| Kalanchoe tomentosa Baker |   |
| Kalanchoe torrejacqii Shtein & Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe × trageri Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe tuberosa H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe uniflora (Stapf) Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe usambarensis Engl. & Raym.-Hamet |   |
| Kalanchoe × vadensis Boom & Zeil |   |
| Kalanchoe variifolia (Guillaumin & Humbert) Shtein, D.-P.Klein & Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe velutina Welw. ex Britten |   |
| Kalanchoe × verdoorniae Gideon F.Sm. |   |
| Kalanchoe viguieri Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe waldheimii Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier |   |
| Kalanchoe waterbergensis van Jaarsv. |   |
| Kalanchoe welwitschii Britten |   |
| Kalanchoe wildii Raym.-Hamet ex R.Fern. |   |
| Kalanchoe winteri Gideon F.Sm., N.R.Crouch & Mich.Walters |   |
| Kalanchoe yemensis (Deflers) Schweinf. |   |

## 历史图谱

图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。

- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/paradisus-londinensis-kalanchoe-pinnata.jpg)Bryophyllum calycinumThe Paradisus Londinensis · Tab. 3 · 1805,
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bot-mag-1436.jpg)Cotyledon crenataCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 1436 · 1812, Sydenham Edwards, F. Sansom
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bm-5147.jpg)Bryophyllum proliferumCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 5147 · 1859, Walter Hood Fitch

## 盆花养护与安全

克莱姆森大学推广服务的要点：长寿花在全日照和排水好的基质里长得最好，光线太暗会徒长；夜间 7–18 °C、白天 10–21 °C 最理想，夜凉花期更长；浇水过多有害，两次浇水之间让盆土稍干。和一品红一样，它要短日照（长夜）才能形成花芽：自然冬季（约 10 月 1 日至 3 月 1 日）每晚 14–16 小时黑暗，大约六周后形成花芽；长夜期间温度超过 27 °C 会“热延迟”，阻碍花芽发育。

ASPCA 把伽蓝菜类列为对狗和猫有毒：有毒成分是蟾蜍二烯羟酸内酯（bufadienolides），症状有呕吐、腹泻，少数出现心律异常。

## 延伸阅读

- [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/)

## 参考资料

- [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-28
- [Flora of China 第 8 卷 · 伽蓝菜属 Kalanchoe](http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=116917)
- [Kew（POWO 同源数据，ColPlanta 站点）· Kalanchoe blossfeldiana 原生范围与生活型](https://colplanta.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:274279-1/general-information)
- [克莱姆森大学家庭园艺信息中心 · Kalanchoe](https://hgic.clemson.edu/factsheet/kalanchoe/)
- [ASPCA 动物中毒控制中心 · Kalanchoe](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/kalanchoe)

名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-28）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。