---
title: "Iris 鸢尾属：分类、348 个接受种、荷兰鸢尾与切花处理｜芳华绘专业资料"
url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/iris/
language: zh-CN
last_reviewed: 2026-10-24
publisher: 芳华绘（Floreboard）
---

Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 686 · 1803 · Sydenham Edwards · 公有领域

# Iris Tourn. ex L.

鸢尾属 · Iridaceae

- **接受名:** Iris Tourn. ex L.
- **首次发表:** Sp. Pl.: 38 (1753)
- **科:** Iridaceae
- **接受种数:** 348（其中天然杂交种 28）
- **原生分布:** 166 个 TDWG 区划，北温带至菲律宾
- **俗名:** 鸢尾属
- **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326330-2) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/326330-2) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/321523) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VS52) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/2748017)

## 概述

鸢尾属 Iris 属鸢尾科，Kew 记载的原生范围是北温带至菲律宾。花店里的切花鸢尾主要是荷兰鸢尾 Iris × hollandica，WCVP 把它作为杂交种接受。RHS 介绍，荷兰鸢尾类开花时高约 60 厘米，叶片细长不显眼，花色有黄、蓝、紫、白和复色；它比早春开花、只有 15 厘米高的网脉鸢尾 I. reticulata 更可靠，尤其在排水良好的土壤上。

本页头图是 1803 年 Curtis 植物学杂志第 686 图的西班牙鸢尾 I. xiphium，WCVP 记它原生于伊比利亚半岛、法国南部、意大利和北非西部。

## 分类与命名

林奈 1753 年在《植物种志》中发表本属。WCVP 采用宽泛的属界，射干属 Belamcanda、Hermodactylus、Juno 等都并入本属（见下表）：中药里的射干，现行学名是 Iris domestica，WCVP 记它原生于中国、日本、朝鲜半岛至喜马拉雅和东南亚。

| 属名 | 发表出处 |
| --- | --- |
| × Pardancanda L.W.Lenz | Aliso 7: 407 (1972) |
| Alatavia Rodion. | Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 84(7): 103 (1999) |
| Belamcanda Adans. | Fam. Pl. 2: 60 (1763) |
| Belemcanda (Pers.) Nois. | Man. Compl. Jard. 3: 238 (1826) |
| Beverna Adans. | Fam. Pl. 2: 20 (1763) |
| Biris Medik. | Staatswirthschaftl. Vorles. Churpfälz. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. Heidelberg 1: 257 (1781) |
| Chamaeiris Medik. | Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 6: 417 (1790) |
| Chamoletta Adans. | Fam. Pl. 2: 60 (1763) |
| Coresantha Alef. | Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 21: 298 (1863) |
| Costia Willk. | Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 18: 131 (1860) |
| Cryptobasis Nevski | Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R, Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 331 (1937) |
| Dielsiris M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev | Phytotaxa 232: 64 (2015) |
| Eremiris (Spach) Rodion. | Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 91: 1707 (2006) |
| Evansia Salisb. ex Decne. | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 20: 301 (1874) |
| Gattenhofia Medik. | Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 6: 418 (1790) |
| Gemmingia Heist. ex Fabr. | Enum. Meth. Pl., ed. 2: 27 (1763) |
| Hermodactylus Mill. | Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754) |
| Ioniris Baker | Gard. Chron., n.s., 6: 143 (1876) |
| Iriastrum Heist. ex Fabr. | Enum. Meth. Pl., ed. 2: 34 (1763) |
| Iridodictyum Rodion. | Rod Iris-Iris: 201 (1961) |
| Joniris (Spach) Klatt | Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 30: 502 (1872) |
| Juno Tratt. | Auswahl Gartenpflanzen 1: 135 (1821) |
| Junopsis Wern.Schulze | Oesterr. Bot. Z. 117: 327 (1970) |
| Limnirion Opiz | Seznam: 59 (1852) |
| Limniris (Tausch) Rchb. | Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch, Nom.: 43 (1841) |
| Lophiris (Tausch) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev | Phytotaxa 232: 66 (2015) |
| Neubeckia Alef. | Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 21: 290 (1863) |
| Oncocyclus Siemssen | Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4: 706 (1846) |
| Ophioiris (Y.T.Zhao) Rodion. | Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 89: 1359 (2004) |
| Pardanthopsis (Hance) L.W.Lenz | Aliso 7: 403 (1972) |
| Pardanthus Ker Gawl. | Ann. Bot. (König & Sims) 1: 246 (1804) |
| Phaeiris (Spach) M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev | Phytotaxa 232: 58 (2015) |
| Portiodora M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev | Biology (Basel) 14(12)-1767: 5 (2025) |
| Pseudo-iris Medik. | Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 6: 417 (1790) |
| Rodionenkoa M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev | Phytotaxa 232: 65 (2015) |
| Sclerosiphon Nevski | Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R, Ser. 1, Fl. Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 4: 331 (1937) |
| Siphonostylis Wern.Schulze | Oesterr. Bot. Z. 112: 331 (1965) |
| Spathula Fourr. | Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 163 (1869) |
| Syrianthus M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev | Phytotaxa 232: 62 (2015) |
| Tectiris M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev | Phytotaxa 232: 55 (2015) |
| Thelysia Salisb. | Trans. Hort. Soc. London 1: 303 (1812) |
| Xeris Medik. | Vorles. Churpfälz. Phys.-Ökon. Ges. 1: 256 (1791) |
| Xiphion Mill. | Gard. Dict. Abr., ed. 4.: [s.p.] (1754) |
| Xyphion Medik. | Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 6: 418 (1790) |
| Xyridion (Tausch) Fourr. | Ann. Soc. Linn. Lyon, n.s., 17: 163 (1869) |
| Zhaoanthus M.B.Crespo, Mart.-Azorín & Mavrodiev | Phytotaxa 232: 59 (2015) |

## 分布

WCVP 记录本属原生于 166 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 23 个区划为引入或归化。

原生区划（166）

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### 引入或归化

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## 接受种名录

WCVP 接受 348 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-24。

展开全部 348 个接受种

| 学名 | 本站资料 |
| --- | --- |
| Iris acutiloba C.A.Mey. |   |
| Iris adriatica Trinajstić ex Mitic |   |
| Iris afghanica Wendelbo |   |
| Iris aitchisonii (Baker) Boiss. |   |
| Iris alberti Regel |   |
| Iris albomarginata R.C.Foster |   |
| Iris alexeenkoi Grossh. |   |
| Iris × ampliflora Y.E.Xiao, F.Y.Yu & X.F.Zhou |   |
| Iris anguifuga Y.T.Zhao & X.J.Xue |   |
| Iris antilibanotica Dinsm. |   |
| Iris anvarbekii Tojibaev & Ortiqov |   |
| Iris aphylla L. |   |
| Iris arenaria Waldst. & Kit. |   |
| Iris aschersonii Foster |   |
| Iris assadiana Chaudhary, G.Kirkw. & C.Weymouth |   |
| Iris atrofusca Baker |   |
| Iris atropurpurea Baker |   |
| Iris attica Boiss. & Heldr. |   |
| Iris aucheri (Baker) Sealy |   |
| Iris auranitica Dinsm. |   |
| Iris austrotschatkalica Tojibaev, F.Karimov & Turgunov |   |
| Iris avromanica Rukšāns |   |
| Iris bakeriana Foster |   |
| Iris baldshuanica O.Fedtsch. |   |
| Iris barbatula Noltie & K.Y.Guan |   |
| Iris barnumiae Foster & Baker |   |
| Iris basaltica Dinsm. |   |
| Iris benacensis A.Kern. ex Stapf |   |
| Iris bicapitata Colas. |   |
| Iris × binata Schur |   |
| Iris bismarckiana E.Dammann & Sprenger |   |
| Iris bloudowii Ledeb. |   |
| Iris boissieri Henriq. |   |
| Iris × borzae (Prodan) Prodan & Nyár. |   |
| Iris bostrensis Mouterde |   |
| Iris bracteata S.Watson |   |
| Iris brevicaulis Raf. |   |
| Iris × brzhezitzky Grossh. |   |
| Iris bucharica Foster |   |
| Iris bulleyana Dykes |   |
| Iris bungei Maxim. |   |
| Iris cabulica Gilli |   |
| Iris × caeciliae Grossh. |   |
| Iris calabra (N.Terracc.) Peruzzi |   |
| Iris calcicola Z.C.Lu, Z.P.Huang & Yan Liu |   |
| Iris camillae Grossh. |   |
| Iris cangshanensis X.F.Jiang, Ying Yang, Jin F.Liu & Y.P.Xie |   |
| Iris capnoides (Vved.) T.Hall & Seisums |   |
| Iris carterorum B.Mathew & Wendelbo |   |
| Iris cathayensis Migo |   |
| Iris caucasica M.Bieb. |   |
| Iris cedreti Dinsm. ex Chaudhary |   |
| Iris chrysographes Dykes |   |
| Iris chrysopetala Sennikov, F.O.Khass. & Pulatov |   |
| Iris chrysophylla Howell |   |
| Iris clarkei Baker ex Hook.f. |   |
| Iris colchica Kem.-Nath. |   |
| Iris collettii Hook.f. |   |
| Iris confusa Sealy |   |
| Iris cristata Aiton |   |
| Iris crocea Jacquem. ex R.C.Foster |   |
| Iris × cucullata Schur |   |
| Iris cuniculiformis Noltie & K.Y.Guan |   |
| Iris curvifolia Y.T.Zhao |   |
| Iris cycloglossa Wendelbo |   |
| Iris dabashanensis C.A.Wilson |   |
| Iris damascena Mouterde |   |
| Iris danfordiae (Baker) Boiss. |   |
| Iris darwasica Regel |   |
| Iris decora Wall. |   |
| Iris delavayi Micheli |   |
| Iris deserti-syriaci T.Hall |   |
| Iris dichotoma Pall. |   |
| Iris doabensis B.Mathew |   |
| Iris dolichosiphon Noltie |   |
| Iris domestica (L.) Goldblatt & Mabb. |   |
| Iris douglasiana Herb. |   |
| Iris drepanophylla Aitch. & Baker |   |
| Iris edomensis Sealy |   |
| Iris ensata Thunb. |   |
| Iris falcifolia Bunge |   |
| Iris farashae Güner |   |
| Iris farreri Dykes |   |
| Iris ferdowsii Joharchi & Memariani |   |
| Iris fernaldii R.C.Foster |   |
| Iris filifolia Boiss. |   |
| Iris × flexicaulis Small |   |
| Iris florentina L. |   |
| Iris foetidissima L. | 1 张图版 |
| Iris formosana Ohwi |   |
| Iris forrestii Dykes |   |
| Iris fortis (Y.T.Zhao) Alexeeva |   |
| Iris fosteriana Aitch. & Baker |   |
| Iris fulva Ker Gawl. |   |
| Iris × fulvala Dykes |   |
| Iris furcata M.Bieb. |   |
| Iris furseorum T.Hall & Seisums |   |
| Iris galatica W.Irving |   |
| Iris gatesii Foster |   |
| Iris × germanica L. |   |
| Iris giganticaerulea Small |   |
| Iris glaucescens Bunge |   |
| Iris goniocarpa Baker |   |
| Iris gracilipes A.Gray |   |
| Iris graeberiana Sealy |   |
| Iris graminea L. |   |
| Iris grant-duffii Baker |   |
| Iris griffithii Baker |   |
| Iris grossheimii Woronow ex Grossh. |   |
| Iris halepensis T.Hall |   |
| Iris halophila Pall. |   |
| Iris hartwegii Baker |   |
| Iris haussknechtii Bornm. ex Baker |   |
| Iris haynei Baker |   |
| Iris hellenica Mermygkas |   |
| Iris henryi Baker |   |
| Iris heracleana (J.Mart.Rodr. & M.B.Crespo) Fennane |   |
| Iris hermona Dinsm. |   |
| Iris heweri Grey-Wilson & B.Mathew |   |
| Iris hexagona Walter |   |
| Iris hippolyti (Vved.) Kamelin |   |
| Iris histrio Rchb.f. |   |
| Iris histrioides (G.F.Wilson) S.Arn. |   |
| Iris × hollandica H.R.Wehrh. |   |
| Iris hookeri Penny ex G.Don |   |
| Iris hookeriana Foster |   |
| Iris humilis Georgi |   |
| Iris hymenospatha B.Mathew & Wendelbo |   |
| Iris iberica Steven |   |
| Iris imbricata Lindl. |   |
| Iris inconspicua (Vved.) T.Hall & Seisums |   |
| Iris innominata L.F.Hend. |   |
| Iris ivanovae Doronkin |   |
| Iris japonica Thunb. |   |
| Iris juncea Poir. |   |
| Iris junonia Schott |   |
| Iris junzifengensis S.P.Chen, Xin Y.Chen & Liang Ma |   |
| Iris kamelinii Alexeeva |   |
| Iris × karjaginii Grossh. |   |
| Iris kashmiriana Baker |   |
| Iris kemaonensis Wall. ex D.Don |   |
| Iris × ketzkhovelii G.N.Matveev |   |
| Iris khassanovii Tojibaev & Turginov |   |
| Iris kirkwoodiae Chaudhary |   |
| Iris × kobasensis Prodan |   |
| Iris kobayashii Kitag. |   |
| Iris × kochii A.Kern. ex Stapf |   |
| Iris × koenigii Sosn. |   |
| Iris kolpakowskiana Regel |   |
| Iris kopetdagensis Vved. |   |
| Iris koreana Nakai |   |
| Iris korolkowii Regel |   |
| Iris kuschakewiczii B.Fedtsch. |   |
| Iris kuschkensis Grey-Wilson & B.Mathew |   |
| Iris lactea Pall. |   |
| Iris lacustris Nutt. |   |
| Iris laevigata Fisch. |   |
| Iris latifolia (Mill.) Voss |   |
| Iris latistyla Y.T.Zhao |   |
| Iris lazica Albov |   |
| Iris leptophylla Lingelsh. ex H.Limpr. |   |
| Iris leptorrhiza (Vved.) Vved. |   |
| Iris linifolia (Regel) O.Fedtsch. |   |
| Iris linifoliiformis (Khalk.) Tojibaev & Turginov |   |
| Iris loczyi Kanitz |   |
| Iris lokiae Alexeeva |   |
| Iris longipetala Herb. |   |
| Iris longiscapa Ledeb. |   |
| Iris longitepala (B.Mathew & Zarrei) Volis & F.O.Khass. |   |
| Iris longnanensis Z.F.Bai, Y.E.Xiao & F.Y.Yu |   |
| Iris lortetii Barbey |   |
| Iris ludwigii Maxim. |   |
| Iris luojiensis Z.Y.Wang, Han W.Huang & R.Li |   |
| Iris lutescens Lam. |   |
| Iris lycotis Woronow |   |
| Iris macrosiphon Torr. |   |
| Iris maculata Baker |   |
| Iris magnifica Vved. |   |
| Iris mandshurica Maxim. |   |
| Iris maracandica (Vved.) Wendelbo |   |
| Iris mariae Barbey |   |
| Iris marivanica Rukšāns |   |
| Iris marsica I.Ricci & Colas. |   |
| Iris masiae Leichtlin ex Dykes |   |
| Iris meda Stapf |   |
| Iris mediterranea Blažek & Matevski |   |
| Iris microglossa Wendelbo |   |
| Iris milesii Baker ex Foster |   |
| Iris minutoaurea Makino |   |
| Iris missouriensis Nutt. |   |
| Iris moabitica Dinsm. ex T.Hall |   |
| Iris munzii R.C.Foster |   |
| Iris munzuriana T.Hall |   |
| Iris mzchetica Rodion. |   |
| Iris nantouensis S.S.Ying |   |
| Iris narbutii O.Fedtsch. |   |
| Iris narcissiflora Diels |   |
| Iris narynensis O.Fedtsch. |   |
| Iris × nelsonii Randolph |   |
| Iris neoensata Y.N.Lee |   |
| Iris neosetosa Y.N.Lee |   |
| Iris × neumayeri Janch. ex Holub |   |
| Iris nicolai (Vved.) Vved. |   |
| Iris nigricans Dinsm. |   |
| Iris × norrisii (L.W.Lenz) C.Whitehouse |   |
| Iris notha M.Bieb. |   |
| Iris nusairiensis Mouterde |   |
| Iris odaesanensis Y.N.Lee |   |
| Iris odontostyla B.Mathew & Wendelbo |   |
| Iris orchioides Carrière |   |
| Iris orientalis Mill. |   |
| Iris orjenii Bräuchler & Cikovac |   |
| Iris oxypetala Bunge |   |
| Iris palaestina (Baker) Barbey |   |
| Iris pallida Lam. |   |
| Iris pamphylica Hedge |   |
| Iris paradoxa Steven |   |
| Iris paropamisensis T.Hall & Seisums |   |
| Iris parvula (Vved.) Sennikov |   |
| Iris perrieri Simonet ex N.Service |   |
| Iris persica L. |   |
| Iris peshmeniana Güner & T.Hall |   |
| Iris petrana Dinsm. |   |
| Iris petri F.O.Khass., Rakhimova & Achilova |   |
| Iris planifolia (Mill.) T.Durand & Schinz |   |
| Iris platyptera B.Mathew & Wendelbo |   |
| Iris polakii Stapf |   |
| Iris pontica Zapał. |   |
| Iris porphyrochrysa Wendelbo |   |
| Iris postii Mouterde |   |
| Iris potaninii Maxim. |   |
| Iris prismatica Pursh |   |
| Iris proantha Diels |   |
| Iris probstii C.A.Wilson |   |
| Iris psammocola Y.T.Zhao |   |
| Iris pseudacorus L. |   |
| Iris pseudocapnoides Rukšāns |   |
| Iris pseudocaucasica Grossh. |   |
| Iris pseudomeda Salimb. & H.Saeidi |   |
| Iris pseudonotha Galushko |   |
| Iris pseudopumila Tineo |   |
| Iris pumila L. | 1 张图版 |
| Iris purdyi Eastw. |   |
| Iris qinghainica Y.T.Zhao |   |
| Iris ramsayi T.Hall & B.Mathew |   |
| Iris regis-uzziae Feinbrun |   |
| Iris reichenbachiana Klatt |   |
| Iris reichenbachii Heuff. |   |
| Iris relicta Colas. |   |
| Iris reticulata M.Bieb. |   |
| Iris revoluta Colas. |   |
| Iris × robusta E.S.Anderson |   |
| Iris rodionenkoi (Lazkov & Naumenko) T.Hall |   |
| Iris rosenbachiana Regel |   |
| Iris rossii Baker |   |
| Iris rudolphii F.O.Khass., Esankulov & Achilova |   |
| Iris ruthenica Ker Gawl. | 1 张图版 |
| Iris rutherfordii J.Mart.Rodr., P.Vargas, Carine & Jury |   |
| Iris sabina N.Terracc. |   |
| Iris × sancti-cyri J.Rousseau |   |
| Iris sanguinea Hornem. |   |
| Iris sari Schott ex Baker |   |
| Iris savannarum Small |   |
| Iris scariosa Willd. ex Link |   |
| Iris schachtii Markgr. |   |
| Iris schelkownikowii (Fomin) Fomin |   |
| Iris schmakovii Alexeeva |   |
| Iris × seminaturalis Niketić, Tomovic & Siljak-Yak. |   |
| Iris serotina Willk. |   |
| Iris setina Colas. |   |
| Iris setosa Pall. ex Link |   |
| Iris × setosothungbergii H.Koidz. ex T.Shimizu |   |
| Iris sibirica L. |   |
| Iris sicula Tod. |   |
| Iris × sikkimensis Dykes |   |
| Iris × sinistra Sosn. |   |
| Iris sintenisii Janka |   |
| Iris sisianica Zubov & L.Bondarenko |   |
| Iris songarica Schrenk ex Fisch. & C.A.Mey. |   |
| Iris sophenensis (Foster) B.Mathew & Güner |   |
| Iris speculatrix Hance |   |
| Iris sprengeri Siehe |   |
| Iris spuria L. |   |
| Iris staintonii H.Hara |   |
| Iris statellae Tod. |   |
| Iris stenophylla Hausskn. ex Baker |   |
| Iris stocksii (Baker) Boiss. |   |
| Iris stolonifera Maxim. |   |
| Iris straussii Leichtlin ex Micheli |   |
| Iris suaveolens Reider |   |
| Iris subdecolorata Vved. |   |
| Iris subdichotoma Y.T.Zhao |   |
| Iris susiana L. |   |
| Iris suworowii Regel |   |
| Iris svetlanae (Vved.) T.Hall & Seisums |   |
| Iris swensoniana Chaudhary, G.Kirkw. & C.Weymouth |   |
| Iris tadshikorum (Vved.) Vved. |   |
| Iris taochia Woronow ex Grossh. |   |
| Iris tarhunensis (Borzì & Mattei) Pamp. |   |
| Iris tectorum Maxim. |   |
| Iris tenax Douglas ex Lindl. |   |
| Iris tenuifolia Pall. |   |
| Iris tenuis S.Watson |   |
| Iris tenuissima Dykes |   |
| Iris × thompsonii R.C.Foster |   |
| Iris thoroldii Baker ex Hemsl. |   |
| Iris tibetica (Dykes) Bolt. |   |
| Iris tigridia Bunge ex Ledeb. |   |
| Iris timofejewii Woronow |   |
| Iris tingitana Boiss. & Reut. |   |
| Iris tridentata Pursh |   |
| Iris tschandalasica Urusov |   |
| Iris tubergeniana Foster |   |
| Iris tuberosa L. |   |
| Iris × turkoman Dykes |   |
| Iris typhifolia Kitag. |   |
| Iris unguicularis Poir. |   |
| Iris uniflora Pall. ex Link |   |
| Iris urmiensis Jekyll & E.T.Cook |   |
| Iris variegata L. |   |
| Iris vartanii Foster |   |
| Iris ventricosa Pall. |   |
| Iris verna L. |   |
| Iris versicolor L. |   |
| Iris vicaria Vved. |   |
| Iris vicariopsis T.Hall |   |
| Iris victoris F.O.Khass., Khuzhan. & Rakhimova |   |
| Iris × vinicolor Small |   |
| Iris × violipurpurea Small |   |
| Iris virginica L. |   |
| Iris vorobievii N.S.Pavlova |   |
| Iris vvedenskyi Nevski ex Woronow & Popov |   |
| Iris wallisiae T.Hall & Seisums |   |
| Iris warleyensis Foster |   |
| Iris wattii Baker ex Hook.f. |   |
| Iris wendelboi Grey-Wilson & B.Mathew |   |
| Iris westii Dinsm. |   |
| Iris willmottiana Foster |   |
| Iris wilsonii C.H.Wright |   |
| Iris winkleri Regel |   |
| Iris winogradowii Fomin |   |
| Iris xanthochlora Wendelbo |   |
| Iris xiphium L. | 1 张图版 |
| Iris yebrudii Dinsm. ex Chaudhary |   |
| Iris yedisuensis Yıld. & Kılıç |   |
| Iris zagrica B.Mathew & Zarrei |   |
| Iris zaprjagajevii (N.V.Abramov) T.Hall & Seisums |   |
| Iris zetterlundii Rukšāns |   |

## 历史图谱

图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。

- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bm-686.jpg)Iris XiphiumCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 686 · 1803, Sydenham Edwards
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/les-liliacees-6-351.jpg)Iris FœtidissimaLes Liliacées · 351 · 1812, Pierre-Joseph Redouté
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/botanical-cabinet-1650.jpg)Iris ruthenicaThe Botanical Cabinet · 1650 · 1831, George Loddiges
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/favourite-flowers-iris-pumila.jpg)Iris pumilaFavourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 254 · 1897,

## 种植与切花处理

RHS 建议球根鸢尾种在阳光充足、排水良好的地方，买回后尽快种下，株距至少 5–7.5 厘米；种深到 15 厘米有助于来年更稳定地开花。

Floralife 说切花鸢尾通常在“铅笔期”采收，即一线花色刚从包裹的苞叶中伸出时；选购时花尖不能卷曲或干枯，否则开不出来。冷藏 1–3 °C、相对湿度 75–85%，瓶插期 3–9 天，对乙烯敏感度低。放在凉爽处，远离风口、暖气和直射阳光，室温越高瓶插越短；插花泥中寿命短，叶片容易发黄，要保持花泥湿透，可用球根花专用保鲜剂维持叶片。ASPCA 把鸢尾列为对狗、猫和马有毒，毒性成分为五环萜类，根茎中浓度最高。

## 延伸阅读

- [花材图鉴](https://floreboard.com/zh/flowers/iris/)
- [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/)

## 参考资料

- [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-24
- [Kew（POWO 同源数据，ColPlanta 站点）· Iris 原生范围](https://colplanta.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326330-2/general-information)
- [RHS · How to grow bulb irises](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/iris/bulb/growing-guide)
- [Floralife · Iris 采后处理要点](https://floralife.com/flowers/iris/)
- [ASPCA 动物中毒控制中心 · Iris](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/iris)

名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-24）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。