---
title: "大叶绣球 Hydrangea macrophylla：命名、异名、分布与历史图谱｜芳华绘专业资料"
url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/hydrangea-macrophylla/
language: zh-CN
last_reviewed: 2026-10-10
publisher: Floreboard (芳华绘)
---

Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 438 · 1799 · Sydenham Edwards · 公有领域

# Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.

大叶绣球 · 绣球属 · Hydrangeaceae

- **接受名:** Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser.
- **首次发表（本组合）:** A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 4: 15 (1830)
- **基原名:** Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb., J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14.: 295 (1784)
- **属:** [Hydrangea](https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/hydrangea/) Gronov. ex L. · Hydrangeaceae
- **俗名:** 大叶绣球、绣球
- **原生分布:** 日本、火山列岛
- **引入或归化:** 31 个区划
- **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:791637-1) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/791637-1) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/2855720) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3N4D6) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/2985994)

## 识别

大叶绣球是高可达 3 米的落叶灌木，叶片厚，长 10–15 厘米。花序是顶生的聚伞花序，宽 10–20 厘米；野生型同时有外圈的不育花（主要由约 4 枚花瓣状萼片组成）和中间细小的可育花。植物智以“绣球”为其中文名，俗名有八仙花、紫阳花。

## 命名与异名

Thunberg 1784 年最初把它发表为荚蒾属的 Viburnum macrophyllum，1830 年 Seringe 把它移入绣球属。这也说明了为什么“绣球”和“荚蒾”的名字至今容易混淆。WCVP 为它列出 70 多个异名，包括旧图谱上常见的 Hortensia opuloides、Hydrangea hortensis、Hydrangea azisai 等。

| 名称 | 发表出处 |
| --- | --- |
| Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. | A.P.de Candolle, Prodr. 4: 15 (1830) |
| Hortensia macrophylla (Thunb.) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | J. Jap. Bot. 91: 346 (2016) |
| Viburnum macrophyllum Thunb. | J.A.Murray (ed.), Syst. Veg., ed. 14.: 295 (1784) |

异模式异名 76 个

| Hortensia japonica J.F.Gmel. | Syst. Nat., ed. 13[bis].: 722 (1791) |
| --- | --- |
| Hortensia macrophylla f. isobue (H.Ohba & S.Akiyama) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | J. Jap. Bot. 91: 346 (2016) |
| Hortensia macrophylla f. isonotaki (H.Ohba & S.Akiyama) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | J. Jap. Bot. 91: 346 (2016) |
| Hortensia macrophylla f. normalis (E.H.Wilson) H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | J. Jap. Bot. 91: 346 (2016) |
| Hortensia mutabilis Schneev. | Icon. Pl. Rar. (Haarlem): 36 (1793) |
| Hortensia nigra Carrière | Rev. Hort. (Paris) 52: 180 (1880) |
| Hortensia opuloides Lam. | Encycl. 3: 136 (1789) |
| Hortensia rosea Desf. | Tabl. École Bot.: 115 (1804) |
| Hortensia speciosa Pers. | Syn. Pl. 1: 505 (1805) |
| Hydrangea azisai Siebold | Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 14(2): 689 (1828) |
| Hydrangea azisai var. foliis-aureovariegatis Siebold & Zucc. | Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 1: 105 (1839) |
| Hydrangea cyanoclada G.Nicholson | Hand-List Trees Shrubs 1[Polypet.]: 221 (1894) |
| Hydrangea florida Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 284 (1796) |
| Hydrangea hortensia Siebold | Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 14(2): 688 (1828) |
| Hydrangea hortensia f. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) Franch. & Sav. | Enum. Pl. Jap. 1: 152 (1873) |
| Hydrangea hortensia f. rosea Bean | Garden (London, 1871-1927) 50: 122 (1896) |
| Hydrangea hortensia f. variegata (E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) G.Nicholson | Ill. Dict. Gard. 2: 163 (1885) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. azisai (Siebold) A.Gray | Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 312 (1857) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. macrosepala (Regel) Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 785 (1900) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. maculata (Blume) K.Koch | Hort. Dendrol.: 106 (1853) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. mariesii Bean | Garden (London, 1871-1927) 54: 390 (1898) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) A.Gray | Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 312 (1857) |
| Hydrangea hortensia var. rosea (Bean) J.H.Veitch | Hort. Veitch.: 368 (1906) |
| Hydrangea hortensis Sm. | Icon. Pict. Pl. Rar. 2: 12 (1792) |
| Hydrangea hortensis var. alba H.B.May | Gard. Chron., ser. 3, 45: 301 (1909) |
| Hydrangea hortensis var. maculata Blume | Bijdr. Fl. Ned. Ind.: 920 (1826) |
| Hydrangea hortensis var. mariesii (Bean) Bean | Trees & Shrubs Brit. Isles 1: 625 (1914) |
| Hydrangea japonica f. hortensia Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica fimbriata-macrophylla Jacob-Makoy | Nursery Cat. (L.Jacob-Makoy & Co.) 112: 31 (1868) |
| Hydrangea japonica speciosa Hovey | Nursery Cat. (Hovey & co.) 1882: 35 (1882) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. albovariegatis Van Houtte | Fl. Serres Jard. Eur. 7: 139 (1851) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. coerulescens Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. foliis-variegatis André | Pl. Feuill. Ornem.: 177 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. macrosepala Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. otaksa Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. plena Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica var. variegata (E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) Regel | Gartenflora 15: 290 (1866) |
| Hydrangea japonica variegata E.J.Lowe & W.Howard | Beaut. Leaved Pl.: t. 25 (1860) |
| Hydrangea macrocephala Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 322 (1893) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. azisai (Siebold) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 240 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. caesia Nakai | Siebold Hydrang. Kaisetsu: 12 (1938) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. hortensia (Regel) Rehder | J. Arnold Arbor. 7: 240 (1926) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. isobue H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., B. Bot. 40: 144 (2014) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. isonotaki H.Ohba & S.Akiyama | Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., B. Bot. 40: 144 (2014) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. leucantha Makino | Ill. Fl. Nippon: 483 (1940) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. macrosepala (Regel) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 240 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. maculata (Blume) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 241 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. mandschurica (Dieck) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 237 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. mariesii (Bean) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 241 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. normalis (E.H.Wilson) H.Hara | J. Jap. Bot. 30: 277 (1955) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. nuda Konta & S.Matsumoto | Bull. Natl. Sci. Mus. Tokyo, B. Bot. 31: 23 (2005) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 237 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla f. veitchii E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 237 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla var. hattoriana Kitam. | Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 26: 5 (1974) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla var. hortensis (Sm.) Rehder | Cycl. Amer. Hort. 2: 785 (1900) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla var. normalis E.H.Wilson | J. Arnold Arbor. 4: 234 (1923) |
| Hydrangea macrophylla var. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) Honda | Siebold Kenkyū: 546 (1938) |
| Hydrangea mandshurica Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 323 (1893) |
| Hydrangea maritima Haw.-Booth | Hydrangea: 38 (1950) |
| Hydrangea mutabilis Steud. | Nomencl. Bot. 1: 416 (1821) |
| Hydrangea nigra Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 187 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides (Lam.) K.Koch | Dendrologie 1: 353 (1869) |
| Hydrangea opuloides f. macrosepala (Regel) Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 323 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. azisai (Siebold) Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 322 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. hortensia Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 322 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. japonica C.K.Schneid. | Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 392 (1905) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. mandschurica Dieck | Nursery Cat. (Dieck) 1885(Haupt-Kat.): 42 (1885) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. mariesii (Bean) Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1621 (1915) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. otaksa (Siebold & Zucc.) Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 323 (1893) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. plena Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1621 (1915) |
| Hydrangea opuloides var. variegata (E.J.Lowe & W.Howard) Rehder | L.H.Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort. 3: 1622 (1915) |
| Hydrangea otaksa Siebold & Zucc. | Fl. Jap. (Lugduni) 1: 105 (1839) |
| Hydrangea sieboldii Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 323 (1893) |
| Hydrangea sinensis Dippel | Handb. Laubholzk. 3: 322 (1893) |
| Macnemaraea opulina P.Willemet | Ann. Bot. (Usteri) 18: 34 (1796) |
| Primula mutabilis Lour. | Fl. Cochinch.: 104 (1790) |

## 分布

WCVP 记录本种原生于 2 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 31 个区划为引入或归化。

日本火山列岛

### 引入或归化

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## 历史图谱与图上名称

图版上印的是当时的名字。下表按 WCVP 的异名与误用名记录，把每张图的原名对应到现行的种或亚种。

图上原名 · 出处现行单元Hydrangea Hortensis（正文）Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 438 · 1799Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. WCVP 异名：Hydrangea hortensis Sm.Hortensia opuloidesFragmenta Botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata · T. 3 · 1800–1809Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. WCVP 异名：Hortensia opuloides Lam.Hydrangea AzisaiFlora Japonica · Tab. 51 · 1835–1870Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. WCVP 异名：Hydrangea azisai SieboldHydrangea HortensiaFavourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 90 · 1897Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Ser. WCVP 异名：Hydrangea hortensia Siebold

## 原产地与传入欧洲

野生大叶绣球原产日本本州中部太平洋一侧的半岛、伊豆群岛和小笠原群岛。1789 年，Joseph Banks 在邱园取得一株绣球型植株，即后来的‘Joseph Banks’；不到十年，它在英国已“很常见”。Curtis's Botanical Magazine 1799 年第 438 图就是这一时期的记录。

## 延伸阅读

- [绣球属 Hydrangea](https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/hydrangea/)
- [绣球知识库：养护、处理与花艺应用](https://floreboard.com/hydrangea/#flowers)
- [花材图鉴](https://floreboard.com/zh/flowers/hydrangea/)
- [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/)

## 参考资料

- [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-20
- [Trees and Shrubs Online · Hydrangea macrophylla（Sutton 2025）](https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/hydrangea/hydrangea-macrophylla/)
- [植物智 iPlant · 绣球 Hydrangea macrophylla](https://www.iplant.cn/info/Hydrangea%20macrophylla)

名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-20）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。