--- title: "Hippeastrum 朱顶红属：分类、119 个接受种、与孤挺花属的区别与种植｜芳华绘专业资料" url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/hippeastrum/ language: zh-CN last_reviewed: 2026-10-24 publisher: 芳华绘（Floreboard） --- Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 129 · 1790 · Sydenham Edwards, W. Darton · 公有领域 # Hippeastrum Herb. 朱顶红属 · Amaryllidaceae - **接受名:** Hippeastrum Herb. - **首次发表:** Appendix: 31 (1821) - **科:** Amaryllidaceae - **接受种数:** 119（其中天然杂交种 3） - **原生分布:** 18 个 TDWG 区划，中美洲与南美洲热带地区 - **俗名:** 朱顶红属 - **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331211-2) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/331211-2) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/278065) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VY96) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/2854235) ## 概述 朱顶红属 Hippeastrum 属石蒜科，Kew 记载的原生范围是中美洲和南美洲热带地区。RHS 说朱顶红是圣诞节的热门礼物，俗称 amaryllis。真正的孤挺花属 Amaryllis 是另一个属：WCVP 只接受 Amaryllis belladonna 等寥寥几种，全部原产南非开普省。 Flora of the Cayman Islands 的属描述：鳞茎植物，叶多枚、扁平全缘；花大而艳丽，通常两朵以上呈伞形着生在中空、无叶的花葶顶端。 ## 分类与命名 属名由 Herbert 1821 年发表。早期图谱常把本属的种放在 Amaryllis 下：本页头图是 1790 年 Curtis 植物学杂志第 129 图的 Amaryllis vittata，即现在的条纹孤挺花 Hippeastrum vittatum，WCVP 记它原生于巴西南部、阿根廷东北部和玻利维亚。Flora of the Cayman Islands 写本属约 75 种，WCVP 现在接受的种数见下表。 | 属名 | 发表出处 | | --- | --- | | Aschamia Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 134 (1866) | | Aulica Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 10 (1838) | | Callicore Link | Handbuch 1: 193 (1829) | | Carlotea Arruda ex Koster | Trav. Brazil: 493 (1816) | | Chonais Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 135 (1866) | | Eusarcops Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 11 (1838) | | Lais Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 134 (1866) | | Leopoldia Herb. | Trans. Hort. Soc. London 4: 181 (1821) | | Lepidopharynx Rusby | Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 7: 214 (1927) | | Moldenkea Traub | Pl. Life 7: 41 (1951) | | Omphalissa Salisb. | Gen. Pl.: 134 (1866) | | Tocantinia Ravenna | Onira 5: 9 (2000) | | Trisacarpis Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 11 (1838) | ## 分布 WCVP 记录本属原生于 18 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 42 个区划为引入或归化。 阿根廷东北部Argentina Northwest玻利维亚Brazil NorthBrazil Northeast巴西南部巴西东南部Brazil West-Central哥伦比亚哥斯达黎加厄瓜多尔French GuianaGuyanaParaguay秘鲁SurinameUruguay委内瑞拉 ### 引入或归化 引入区划（42） AngolaAscensionBahamasBelize加罗林群岛Cayman Is.Chagos Archipelago库克群岛古巴多米尼加几内亚湾诸岛Haiti夏威夷洪都拉斯JamaicaLeeward Is.路易斯安那马里亚纳群岛Marshall Is.毛里求斯墨西哥中部墨西哥湾沿岸墨西哥东南部墨西哥西南部NauruNew Caledonia尼加拉瓜Niue诺福克岛Puerto RicoRodriguesRwandaSeychellesSociety Is.Solomon Is.斯里兰卡得克萨斯特立尼达和多巴哥突尼斯Venezuelan AntillesWindward Is.津巴布韦 ## 接受种名录 WCVP 接受 119 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-24。 | 学名 | 本站资料 | | --- | --- | | Hippeastrum abatinguara Campos-Rocha & A.S.Medeiros | | | Hippeastrum aglaiae (A.Cast.) Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci | | | Hippeastrum amaru (Vargas) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum andreanum Baker | | | Hippeastrum angustifolium Pax | | | Hippeastrum apertispathum (Traub) H.E.Moore | | | Hippeastrum arboricola (Ravenna) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum argentinum (Pax) Hunz. | | | Hippeastrum aulicum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. | | | Hippeastrum aviflorum (Ravenna) Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum blossfeldiae (Traub & J.L.Doran) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum brasilianum (Traub & J.L.Doran) Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum breviflorum Herb. | | | Hippeastrum bukasovii (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | | | Hippeastrum caiaponicum (Ravenna) Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum calyptratum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. | | | Hippeastrum canastrense Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira | | | Hippeastrum canterai Arechav. | | | Hippeastrum carassense Campos-Rocha & R.C.Mota | | | Hippeastrum cardenasii R.Vásquez & R.Lara | | | Hippeastrum caupolicanense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum cipoanum (Ravenna) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum condemaitae (Vargas & E.Pérez) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum correiense (Bury) Worsley | | | Hippeastrum curitibanum (Ravenna) Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum curupira Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto | | | Hippeastrum cuzcoense (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | | | Hippeastrum cybister (Herb.) Benth. ex Baker | | | Hippeastrum damazianum Beauverd | | | Hippeastrum diniz-cruziae Dutilh & Semir | | | Hippeastrum divifrancisci (Cárdenas) R.Lara & R.Vásquez | | | Hippeastrum divijulianum (Cárdenas) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum doraniae (Traub) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum dutilhianum (Büneker, R.E.Bastian & C.M.Costa) Christenh. & Byng | | | Hippeastrum elegans (Spreng.) H.E.Moore | | | Hippeastrum escoipense Slanis & Huaylla | | | Hippeastrum espiritense (Traub) H.E.Moore | | | Hippeastrum euryphyllum (Ravenna) W.A.Medina & Roitman | | | Hippeastrum evansiarum (Traub & I.S.Nelson) H.E.Moore | | | Hippeastrum ferreyrae (Traub) Gereau & Brako | | | Hippeastrum forgetii Worsley | | | Hippeastrum fragrantissimum (Cárdenas) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum fuscum Kraenzl. | | | Hippeastrum gertianum (Ravenna) Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum glaucescens (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Herb. | | | Hippeastrum goianum (Ravenna) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum × griffinii Herb. | | | Hippeastrum guarapuavicum (Ravenna) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum harrisonii (Lindl.) Hook.f. | | | Hippeastrum haywardii (Traub & Uphof) R.Lara & R.Vásquez | | | Hippeastrum hemographes (Ravenna) Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum hugoi (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | | | Hippeastrum idimae Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira | | | Hippeastrum iguazuanum (Ravenna) T.R.Dudley & M.Williams | | | Hippeastrum incachacanum (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum intiflorum (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | | | Hippeastrum × johnsonii (Gowen) Herb. | | | Hippeastrum kromeri (Worsley) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum laklano Campos-Rocha & M.Peixoto | | | Hippeastrum lapacense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum lara-ricoi A.L.Moya, D.Villalba & Zent.-Ruíz | | | Hippeastrum lavrense (Ravenna) R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum leonardii (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | | | Hippeastrum leopoldii T.Moore | | | Hippeastrum leucobasis (Ravenna) Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum lunaris Campos-Rocha & Meerow | | | Hippeastrum macbridei (Vargas) Gereau & Brako | | | Hippeastrum machupijchense (Vargas) D.R.Hunt | | | Hippeastrum mandonii Baker | | | Hippeastrum maracasum (Traub) H.E.Moore | | | Hippeastrum marumbiense (Ravenna) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum mauroi Campos-Rocha & Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum menesesii R.Vásquez & R.Lara | | | Hippeastrum minasgerais (Traub) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum miniatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Herb. | | | Hippeastrum mirum (Ravenna) Christenh. & Byng | | | Hippeastrum mollevillquense (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum monanthum (Ravenna) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum morelianum Lem. | | | Hippeastrum multiflorum Büneker, K.Soares & L.C.Assis | | | Hippeastrum nelsonii (Cárdenas) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum oconequense (Traub) H.E.Moore | | | Hippeastrum papilio (Ravenna) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum paquichanum (Cárdenas) Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum paradisiacum (Ravenna) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum paranaense (Traub) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum pardinum (Hook.f.) Dombrain | | | Hippeastrum parodii Hunz. & A.A.Cocucci | | | Hippeastrum peruvianum Meerow & Campos-Rocha | | | Hippeastrum petiolatum Pax | | | Hippeastrum pseudopardinum (Cárdenas) R.Vásquez & R.Lara | | | Hippeastrum psittacinum (Ker Gawl.) Herb. | | | Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Voss | 1 张图版 | | Hippeastrum pyrophilum R.E.Bastian | | | Hippeastrum ramboi R.E.Bastian & Büneker | | | Hippeastrum reginae (L.) Herb. | 1 张图版 | | Hippeastrum reticulatum (L'Hér.) Herb. | 1 张图版 | | Hippeastrum roseoalbum R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum rubropictum (Ravenna) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum sanfranciscanum Dutilh & R.S.Oliveira | | | Hippeastrum santacatarina (Traub) Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum scopulorum Baker | | | Hippeastrum × splendens Herb. | | | Hippeastrum stapfianum (Kraenzl.) R.S.Oliveira & Dutilh | | | Hippeastrum starkiorum (I.S.Nelson & Traub) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum stigmovittatum (Büneker, R.E.Bastian & C.M.Costa) Christenh. & Byng | | | Hippeastrum striatum (Lam.) H.E.Moore | 1 张图版 | | Hippeastrum stylosum Herb. | | | Hippeastrum teyucuarense (Ravenna) Van Scheepen | | | Hippeastrum traubii (Moldenke) H.E.Moore | | | Hippeastrum umabisanum (Cárdenas) Meerow | | | Hippeastrum vanleestenii (Traub) H.E.Moore | | | Hippeastrum variegatum Gereau & Brako | | | Hippeastrum velloziiflorum Campos-Rocha & Meerow | | | Hippeastrum verdianum Büneker & R.E.Bastian | | | Hippeastrum viridiflorum Rusby | | | Hippeastrum vittatum (L'Hér.) Herb. | 1 张图版 | | Hippeastrum wilsoniae L.J.Doran & F.W.Mey. | | | Hippeastrum yungacense (Cárdenas & I.S.Nelson) Meerow | | ## 历史图谱 图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。 - [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bm-129.jpg)Amaryllis vittataCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 129 · 1790, Sydenham Edwards, W. Darton - [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bot-mag-9-305.jpg)Amaryllis equestrisCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 305 · 1795, - [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bot-mag-13-453.jpg)Amaryllis reginaeCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 453 · 1799, Sydenham Edwards - [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bot-mag-657.jpg)Amaryllis reticulataCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 657 · 1803, Sydenham Edwards - [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bot-register-38.jpg)Amaryllis crocataEdwards's Botanical Register · 38 · 1815, Sydenham Edwards, Smith ## 种植与安全 RHS 建议：朱顶红不耐寒，要在室内盆栽；10 月至次年 1 月种植，盆只比鳞茎稍大，鳞茎约三分之二露出土面；种后约 6–8 周开花，花期冬季到春季。花后把残花葶从基部剪掉，但保留叶片继续生长。 ASPCA 的 Amaryllis 条目把这类植物列为对狗、猫和马有毒，毒性成分是石蒜碱等；症状包括呕吐（马除外）、精神沉郁、腹泻、腹痛、流涎过多、厌食和震颤。 ## 延伸阅读 - [花材图鉴](https://floreboard.com/zh/flowers/amaryllis/) - [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/) ## 参考资料 - [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-24 - [Kew（POWO 同源数据，ColPlanta 站点）· Hippeastrum 概述，含 Flora of the Cayman Islands 的属描述](https://colplanta.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331211-2/general-information) - [RHS · Hippeastrum](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/hippeastrum/growing-guide) - [ASPCA 动物中毒控制中心 · Amaryllis](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/animal-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/amaryllis) 名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-24）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。