---
title: "Guzmania 果子蔓属：分类、217 个接受种、凤梨的叶杯与苞片、盆花养护｜芳华绘专业资料"
url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/guzmania/
language: zh-CN
last_reviewed: 2026-10-28
publisher: 芳华绘（Floreboard）
---

Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 5220 · 1860 · Walter Hood Fitch · 公有领域

# Guzmania Ruiz & Pav.

果子蔓属 · Bromeliaceae

- **接受名:** Guzmania Ruiz & Pav.
- **首次发表:** Fl. Peruv. 3: 37 (1802)
- **科:** Bromeliaceae
- **接受种数:** 217（其中天然杂交种 2）
- **原生分布:** 32 个 TDWG 区划，佛罗里达至热带美洲
- **俗名:** 果子蔓属
- **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326846-2) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/326846-2) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/247418) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VXZW) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/2698853)

## 概述

果子蔓属 Guzmania 属凤梨科，Kew 记载的原生范围是佛罗里达至热带美洲；WCVP 接受的种见下表，数量在两百种以上。佛罗里达大学 IFAS 说，果子蔓是常见的室内盆花，叶光滑、绿色，花序醒目，有些种在无霜地区可以露地栽培。

盆花市场叫“擎天凤梨”“红星凤梨”的主要是 G. lingulata 及其杂交品种。Kew 记它原生于墨西哥东南部至热带美洲，是多年生草本或附生植物，主要生于湿润热带。

## 分类与形态

WCVP 以 Ruiz 与 Pavón 1802 年的《Flora Peruviana et Chilensis》第 3 卷为本属的发表处，Massangea、Schlumbergeria、Sodiroa 和 Thecophyllum 等属都作为异名并入。

佛罗里达大学 IFAS 解释了凤梨的两个特点：附生不是寄生，它们只把树木当作支撑，自己进行光合作用；凤梨主要通过叶片和叶基围成的杯状结构吸收水分和养分。光照会改变叶色、叶形和生长速度：光太弱，叶片变得细长、偏绿；光太强，叶片变短、变厚、颜色变浅。花序可以维持几周，有些属长达六个月。

| 属名 | 发表出处 |
| --- | --- |
| Chirripoa Suess. | Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 72: 293 (1942) |
| Devillea Bertero ex Schult. & Schult.f. | J.J.Roemer & J.A.Schultes, Syst. Veg., ed. 15[bis]. 7: 1229 (1830) |
| Massangea É.Morren | Ann. Bot. Hort. 27: 59 (1877) |
| Schlumbergeria É.Morren | Ann. Bot. Hort. 28: 311 (1878) |
| Sodiroa Andrews | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 24: 167 (1877) |
| Thecophyllum André | Bromel. Andr.: 107 (1889) |

## 分布

WCVP 记录本属原生于 32 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 1 个区划为引入或归化。

BahamasBelize玻利维亚Brazil NorthBrazil NortheastBrazil West-CentralCentral American Pacific Is.哥伦比亚哥斯达黎加古巴多米尼加厄瓜多尔佛罗里达French Guiana危地马拉GuyanaHaiti洪都拉斯JamaicaLeeward Is.墨西哥湾沿岸墨西哥东南部墨西哥西南部尼加拉瓜巴拿马秘鲁Puerto RicoSuriname特立尼达和多巴哥委内瑞拉Venezuelan AntillesWindward Is.

### 引入或归化

百慕大

## 接受种名录

WCVP 接受 217 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-28。

展开全部 217 个接受种

| 学名 | 本站资料 |
| --- | --- |
| Guzmania acorifolia (Griseb.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania acuminata L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania acutispica E.Gross |   |
| Guzmania adscendens H.Luther & K.F.Norton |   |
| Guzmania aequatorialis L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania albescens H.Luther & Determann |   |
| Guzmania alborosea H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania alcantareoides H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania alliodora E.Gross |   |
| Guzmania altomayoensis Gouda |   |
| Guzmania altsonii L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania × amoena H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania amplectens L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania anae Wisnev |   |
| Guzmania andreana (É.Morren) Mez |   |
| Guzmania andreettae Rauh |   |
| Guzmania angustifolia (Baker) Wittm. |   |
| Guzmania apiculata L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania armeniaca H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania asplundii L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania atrocastanea H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania attenuata L.B.Sm. & Read |   |
| Guzmania bakeri (Wittm.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania bergii H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania berteroniana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania besseae H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania betancurii H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania bicolor L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania bipartita L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania blassii Rauh |   |
| Guzmania brackeana Manzan. |   |
| Guzmania bracteosa (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania brasiliensis Ule |   |
| Guzmania breviscapa H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania brevispatha Mez |   |
| Guzmania butcheri Rauh |   |
| Guzmania cabrerae Gilmartin |   |
| Guzmania calamifolia André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania calothyrsa Mez |   |
| Guzmania candelabrum (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania caricifolia (André) L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania cerrohoyaensis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania cinnabarina H.Luther & K.F.Norton |   |
| Guzmania circinnata Rauh |   |
| Guzmania claviformis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania compacta Mez |   |
| Guzmania condensata Mez & Wercklé |   |
| Guzmania condorensis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania confinis L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania confusa L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania conglomerata H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania conifera (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania coriostachya (Griseb.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania corniculata H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania cuatrecasasii L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania cundinamarcae Gouda |   |
| Guzmania cuzcoensis L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania cylindrica L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania dalstroemii H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania danielii L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania darienensis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania delicatula L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania densiflora Mez |   |
| Guzmania densispica Gouda & Manzan. |   |
| Guzmania desautelsii Read & L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania devansayana É.Morren |   |
| Guzmania diazii H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania diffusa L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania dissitiflora (André) L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania donnellsmithii Mez ex Donn.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania dudleyi L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania dussii Mez |   |
| Guzmania ecuadorensis Gilmartin |   |
| Guzmania eduardi André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania ekmanii (Harms) Harms ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania elvallensis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania erythrolepis Brongn. ex Planch. |   |
| Guzmania farciminiformis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania fawcettii Mez |   |
| Guzmania ferruginea H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania filicaulis Gouda |   |
| Guzmania filiorum L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania flagellata S.Pierce & J.R.Grant |   |
| Guzmania foetida Rauh |   |
| Guzmania formosa H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania fosteriana L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania fuerstenbergiana (K.E.Kirchhoff & Wittm.) Wittm. |   |
| Guzmania fuquae H.Luther & Determann |   |
| Guzmania garciaensis Rauh |   |
| Guzmania glaucophylla Rauh |   |
| Guzmania globosa L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania glomerata Mez & Wercklé |   |
| Guzmania gloriosa (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania goudotiana Mez |   |
| Guzmania gracilior (André) Mez |   |
| Guzmania gracilis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania graminifolia (André ex Baker) L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania harlingii H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania hedychioides L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania henniae H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania herrerae H.Luther & W.J.Kress |   |
| Guzmania hirtzii H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania hitchcockiana L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania hollinensis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania inexpectata H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania inkaterrae Gouda & C.Soto |   |
| Guzmania izkoi Manzan. & W.Till |   |
| Guzmania jaramilloi H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania kalbreyeri (Baker) L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania kareniae H.Luther & K.F.Norton |   |
| Guzmania kentii H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania killipiana L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania kraenzliniana Wittm. |   |
| Guzmania laeta H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania lehmanniana (Wittm.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania lemeana Manzan. |   |
| Guzmania leonard-kentiana H.Luther & K.F.Norton |   |
| Guzmania lepidota (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania lindenii (André) Mez |   |
| Guzmania lingulata (L.) Mez | 1 张图版 |
| Guzmania × litaensis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania loeflingiana Vivas & B.Holst |   |
| Guzmania longibracteata Betancur & N.R.Salinas |   |
| Guzmania longipetala (Baker) Mez |   |
| Guzmania loraxiana J.R.Grant |   |
| Guzmania lychnis L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania macropoda L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania madisonii H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania manzanaresiorum H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania marantoidea (Rusby) H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania megastachya (Baker) Mez |   |
| Guzmania melinonis Regel |   |
| Guzmania membranacea L.B.Sm. & Steyerm. |   |
| Guzmania mitis L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania monostachia (L.) Rusby ex Mez | 2 张图版 |
| Guzmania morreniana (É.Morren) Mez |   |
| Guzmania mosquerae (Wittm.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania mucronata (Griseb.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania multiflora (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania musaica (Linden & André) Mez |   |
| Guzmania nangaritzae H.Luther & K.F.Norton |   |
| Guzmania nicaraguensis Mez & C.F.Baker |   |
| Guzmania nidularioides L.B.Sm. & Read |   |
| Guzmania nubicola L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania nubigena L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania oligantha Lozano |   |
| Guzmania osyana (É.Morren) Mez |   |
| Guzmania pallida L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania palustris (Wittm.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania panamensis Cáceres Gonz. |   |
| Guzmania paniculata Mez |   |
| Guzmania pattersoniae Manzan. |   |
| Guzmania patula Mez & Wercklé |   |
| Guzmania pearcei (Baker) L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania pennellii L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania peter-bakii Manzan., Gouda & W.Till |   |
| Guzmania plicatifolia L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania plumieri (Griseb.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania polycephala Mez & Wercklé |   |
| Guzmania poortmanii (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania pseudodissitiflora H.Luther & K.F.Norton |   |
| Guzmania pseudospectabilis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania pungens L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania puyoensis Rauh |   |
| Guzmania radiata L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania rauhiana H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania regalis H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania remediosensis E.Gross |   |
| Guzmania remyi L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania retusa L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania rhonhofiana Harms |   |
| Guzmania roezlii (É.Morren) Mez |   |
| Guzmania roseiflora Rauh |   |
| Guzmania rubrolutea Rauh |   |
| Guzmania rugosa L.B.Sm. & Read |   |
| Guzmania sanguinea (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania sanluisensis Rojas-Fern. & Marcelo-Peña |   |
| Guzmania scandens H.Luther & W.J.Kress |   |
| Guzmania scherzeriana Mez |   |
| Guzmania septata L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania sibundoyorum L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania sieffiana H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania skotakii H.Luther |   |
| Guzmania sphaeroidea (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania sprucei (André) L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania squarrosa (Mez & Sodiro) L.B.Sm. & Pittendr. |   |
| Guzmania stenostachya L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania steyermarkii L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania straminea (K.Koch) Mez |   |
| Guzmania striata L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania stricta L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania strobilantha (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania subcorymbosa L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania tarapotina Ule |   |
| Guzmania tenuifolia (H.Luther) Betancur & N.R.Salinas |   |
| Guzmania terrestris L.B.Sm. & Steyerm. |   |
| Guzmania testudinis L.B.Sm. & Read |   |
| Guzmania teucamae H.Luther & K.F.Norton |   |
| Guzmania teuscheri L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania triangularis L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania undulatobracteata (Rauh) Rauh |   |
| Guzmania vanvolxemii (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania variegata L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania ventricosa (Griseb.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania verecunda L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania victoriae Rauh |   |
| Guzmania vinacea H.Luther & K.F.Norton |   |
| Guzmania virescens (Hook.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania viridiflora E.Gross |   |
| Guzmania vittata (Mart. ex Schult. & Schult.f.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania vonbismarckii Gouda |   |
| Guzmania weberbaueri Mez |   |
| Guzmania wittmackii (André) André ex Mez |   |
| Guzmania xanthobractea Gilmartin |   |
| Guzmania xipholepis L.B.Sm. |   |
| Guzmania zahnii (Hook.f.) Mez |   |
| Guzmania zakii H.Luther |   |

## 历史图谱

图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。

- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/plantarum-icones-guzmania-lingulata.jpg)Tillandsia lingulataPlantarum indigenarum et exoticarum icones ad vivum coloratae · 1789,
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/exotic-flora-163x.jpg)Gusmannia tricolorExotic Flora · 163* · 1827,
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bm-5220.jpg)Guzmannia tricolorCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 5220 · 1860, Walter Hood Fitch

## 养护与安全

佛罗里达大学 IFAS 提醒，有些蚊子会在凤梨的叶杯里繁殖，定期用清水冲洗叶杯可以去除蚊子幼虫；也可以在杯中撒苏云金芽孢杆菌以色列亚种（Bti）制剂。

ASPCA 尚未单独列出果子蔓属；它把同科的彩叶凤梨（Neoregelia）列为对狗和猫无毒。

## 延伸阅读

- [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/)

## 参考资料

- [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-28
- [Kew（POWO 同源数据，ColPlanta 站点）· Guzmania 原生范围](https://colplanta.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:326846-2/general-information)
- [Kew（POWO 同源数据，ColPlanta 站点）· Guzmania lingulata 原生范围与生活型](https://colplanta.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:115161-2/general-information)
- [佛罗里达大学 IFAS Gardening Solutions · Bromeliads](https://gardeningsolutions.ifas.ufl.edu/plants/ornamentals/bromeliads/)
- [ASPCA 动物中毒控制中心 · Blushing Bromeliad（Neoregelia）](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/blushing-bromeliad)

名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-28）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。