---
title: "Dracaena 龙血树属：分类、225 个接受种、富贵竹与并入的虎尾兰、水培与宠物安全｜芳华绘专业资料"
url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/dracaena/
language: zh-CN
last_reviewed: 2026-10-28
publisher: 芳华绘（Floreboard）
---

Fragmenta Botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata · T. 2 · 1800–1809 · 公有领域

# Dracaena Vand. ex L.

龙血树属 · Asparagaceae

- **接受名:** Dracaena Vand. ex L.
- **首次发表:** Mant. Pl.: 9 (1767)
- **科:** Asparagaceae
- **接受种数:** 225（其中天然杂交种 1）
- **原生分布:** 101 个 TDWG 区划，热带与亚热带
- **俗名:** 龙血树属
- **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30010732-2) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/30010732-2) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/304551) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8HFWV) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/2752062)

## 概述

龙血树属 Dracaena 属天门冬科，Kew 记载的原生范围是热带与亚热带；WCVP 接受的种见下表。Flora of Somalia 说本属有几个种作观赏栽培，主要看它们常带花纹的叶。

花店和绿植店里的本属植物有：富贵竹 D. sanderiana，Kew 记载原生于中西部热带非洲至安哥拉东北部，是亚灌木或灌木，并不是竹子；虎尾兰 D. trifasciata；以及常叫“巴西木”“香龙血树”的 D. fragrans。

## 分类与形态

WCVP 以 Linnaeus 1767 年的《Mantissa Plantarum》为本属的发表处。异名里最引人注意的是虎尾兰属 Sansevieria：Takawira-Nyenya 等 2018 年用核与叶绿体 DNA 标记分析，发现龙血树属是一个并系的“级”，虎尾兰属的两个分支嵌在其中，于是主张扩大龙血树属、并入虎尾兰属，并为若干虎尾兰作了新组合。WCVP 接受了这一处理，所以虎尾兰今名 D. trifasciata，而不是 Sansevieria trifasciata。后来也有学者认为把全部龙血树类并成一属为时过早，因为那项研究只取样了约两成的种。异名里的 Cordyline Adans. 只是与朱蕉属 Cordyline Comm. ex R.Br. 同名，朱蕉属仍是独立的属。

Kew 汇集的几部植物志描述：乔木、灌木，有时攀援，或为草本；茎上常留叶痕；根常为橙色；叶互生，基部抱茎，平行脉；花多为白色或带绿色，有香气，夜间开放，花被管状、六裂片反卷；浆果球形，常为红、橙或黄色，含 1–3 粒种子。

| 属名 | 发表出处 |
| --- | --- |
| × Dravieria M.H.J.van der Meer | Cact. Phantast. 2020(9)-1: 1 (2020) |
| Acyntha Medik. | Theodora: 76 (1786) |
| Chrysodracon P.L.Lu & Morden | Syst. Bot. 39: 101 (2014) |
| Cordyline Adans. | Fam. Pl. 2: 54, 543 (1763) |
| Drakaina Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 17 (1838) |
| Nemampsis Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 16 (1838) |
| Oedera Crantz | Duab. Drac. Arbor.: 30 (1768) |
| Pleomele Salisb. | Prodr. Stirp. Chap. Allerton: 245 (1796) |
| Salmia Cav. | Icon. 3: 24 (1795) |
| Sansevieria Petagna | Inst. Bot. 3: 643 (1787) |
| Stoerkia Crantz | Duab. Drac. Arbor.: 25 (1768) |
| Terminalis Medik. | Theodora: 83 (1786) |

## 分布

WCVP 记录本属原生于 101 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 35 个区划为引入或归化。

原生区划（101）

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### 引入或归化

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## 接受种名录

WCVP 接受 225 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-28。

展开全部 225 个接受种

| 学名 | 本站资料 |
| --- | --- |
| Dracaena acaulis Baker |   |
| Dracaena acutissima Hua |   |
| Dracaena adamii Hepper |   |
| Dracaena aethiopica (Thunb.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena afromontana Mildbr. |   |
| Dracaena ajgal (Benabid & Cuzin) Rivas Mart., Molero Mesa, Marfíl & G.Benítez |   |
| Dracaena aletriformis (Haw.) Bos |   |
| Dracaena alwitrii (R.H.Webb, L.E.Newton & A.Butler) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena angolensis (Welw. ex Carrière) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb. | 1 张图版 |
| Dracaena arborea (Willd.) Link |   |
| Dracaena arborescens (Cornu ex Gérôme & Labroy) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena ascendens (L.E.Newton) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena aubryana Brongn. |   |
| Dracaena aubrytiana (Carrière) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena aurea H.Mann |   |
| Dracaena auwahiensis (H.St.John) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena babatiensis (Yinger, Sikawa & Mollel) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena bacularis (Pfennig ex A.Butler & Jankalski) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena bagamoyensis (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena ballyi (L.E.Newton) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena bangalalana (Mollel, M.Burkart, Sikawa & Yinger) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena bangueyensis (Merr.) S.S.Ying |   |
| Dracaena bhitalae (R.H.Webb & L.E.Newton) Takaw.-Ny. & Mucina |   |
| Dracaena bicolor Hook. |   |
| Dracaena borneensis (Merr.) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena brachystachys Hook.f. |   |
| Dracaena braunii Engl. |   |
| Dracaena breviflora Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena brevifolia (L.E.Newton) Takaw.-Ny. & Thiede |   |
| Dracaena bueana Engl. |   |
| Dracaena bugandana Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena bukedea Takaw.-Ny. & Mucina |   |
| Dracaena burdettii (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena burmanica (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena bushii Damen |   |
| Dracaena butleri (R.H.Webb & L.E.Newton) M.H.J.van der Meer |   |
| Dracaena caboverdeana (Marrero Rodr. & R.S.Almeida) Rivas Mart., Lousã, J.C.Costa & Maria C.Duarte |   |
| Dracaena calocephala Bos |   |
| Dracaena cambodiana Pierre ex Gagnep. |   |
| Dracaena camerooniana Baker |   |
| Dracaena canaliculata (Carrière) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena cantleyi Baker |   |
| Dracaena caulescens (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena cerasifera Hua |   |
| Dracaena chahinianii (R.H.Webb & Myklebust) Takaw.-Ny. & Mucina |   |
| Dracaena chiniana I.M.Turner |   |
| Dracaena chlorantha (M.Burkart, Kavula, Sikawa & Yinger) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena cincta Baker |   |
| Dracaena cinnabari Balf.f. |   |
| Dracaena coleana (T.G.Forrest) Takaw.-Ny. & Thiede |   |
| Dracaena concinna Kunth |   |
| Dracaena conduplicata (T.C.Cole & T.G.Forrest) Takaw.-Ny. & Thiede |   |
| Dracaena conferta Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena congoensis Hua |   |
| Dracaena conspicua (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena cristula W.Bull |   |
| Dracaena cubensis Vict. |   |
| Dracaena curtisii Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena cuspidata Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena dawei (Stapf) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena deserti (N.E.Br.) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena dhofarica (T.A.McCoy & Lavranos) Takaw.-Ny. & Mucina |   |
| Dracaena disticha (R.H.Webb & L.E.Newton) M.H.J.van der Meer |   |
| Dracaena dooneri (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena downsii (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena draco (L.) L. | 1 张图版 |
| Dracaena dumetescens (L.E.Newton) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena ebracteata (Cav.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena eilensis (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena ellenbeckiana Engl. |   |
| Dracaena elliptica Thunb. & Dalm. |   |
| Dracaena embere (Mollel, M.Burkart, Yinger & Sikawa) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena enchiridiofolia (R.H.Webb & L.E.Newton) Takaw.-Ny. & Thiede |   |
| Dracaena erythraeae (Mattei) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena falsa (N.E.Br.) S.S.Ying |   |
| Dracaena fasciata (Cornu ex Gérôme & Labroy) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena fernaldii (H.St.John) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena finlaysonii Baker |   |
| Dracaena floribunda Baker |   |
| Dracaena fontanesiana Schult. & Schult.f. |   |
| Dracaena forbesii (O.Deg.) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena forestii (L.E.Newton & R.H.Webb) Takaw.-Ny. & Thiede |   |
| Dracaena forskaliana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. | 2 张图版 |
| Dracaena francisii (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena frequens (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena ghiesbreghtii W.Bull ex J.J.Blandy |   |
| Dracaena glomerata Baker |   |
| Dracaena goldieana Bullen ex Mast. & T.Moore |   |
| Dracaena gracillima (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena granulata Hook.f. |   |
| Dracaena haemanthoides Bos ex Damen |   |
| Dracaena halapepe (H.St.John) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena halemanuensis Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena hallii (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena hanningtonii Baker |   |
| Dracaena hargeisana (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena hewittii Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena hokouensis G.Z.Ye |   |
| Dracaena hosei (Ridl.) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena humiflora (D.J.Richards) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena hyacinthoides (L.) Mabb. |   |
| Dracaena impressivenia Yu H.Yan & H.J.Guo |   |
| Dracaena inexpectata Lodé |   |
| Dracaena itumei (Mbugua) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena jayniana Wilkin & Suksathan |   |
| Dracaena jiewhoei Hambali, Sulist. & Rugayah |   |
| Dracaena kaweesakii Wilkin & Suksathan |   |
| Dracaena kindtiana De Wild. |   |
| Dracaena kirkii Baker |   |
| Dracaena kityoi (T.G.Forrest) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena konaensis (H.St.John) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena kupensis Mwachala, Cheek, Eb.Fisch. & Muasya |   |
| Dracaena laevifolia (R.H.Webb & L.E.Newton) Takaw.-Ny. & Mucina |   |
| Dracaena lalakana (T.C.Cole & T.G.Forrest) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena lancea Thunb. & Dalm. |   |
| Dracaena lancifolia (Ridl.) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena lavranii (R.H.Webb & Myklebust) Takaw.-Ny. & Mucina |   |
| Dracaena laxissima Engl. |   |
| Dracaena liberica (Gérôme & Labroy) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena longiflora (Sims) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena longifolia Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena longistyla (la Croix) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena lunatifolia (L.E.Newton) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena malabensis (L.E.Newton & R.H.Webb) M.H.J.van der Meer |   |
| Dracaena malawiana Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena mannii Baker |   |
| Dracaena marachiensis (T.G.Forrest) Takaw.-Ny. & Thiede |   |
| Dracaena marina Bos ex Damen |   |
| Dracaena marumaru (Mollel, Yinger, Sikawa & A.Bianchi) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena masoniana (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena × masseffiana Pennock ex Bos |   |
| Dracaena mikephillipsii (R.H.Webb & L.E.Newton) M.H.J.van der Meer |   |
| Dracaena mokoko Mwachala & Cheek |   |
| Dracaena muhaensis (M.Burkart, Yinger, Sikawa & Mollel) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena multiflora Warb. ex P.Sarasin & Sarasin |   |
| Dracaena nebrownii (R.H.Webb) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena neobella N.Wei, Mwachala, G.W.Hu & Q.F.Wang |   |
| Dracaena neorobusta Idrees & Z.Yong Zhang |   |
| Dracaena newtoniana (T.G.Forrest) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena nilotica (Baker) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena nitens Welw. ex Baker |   |
| Dracaena nitida (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena novoguineensis Gibbs |   |
| Dracaena nyangensis Pellegr. |   |
| Dracaena ombet Kotschy & Peyr. |   |
| Dracaena ovata Ker Gawl. |   |
| Dracaena parva (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena parviflora Baker |   |
| Dracaena pearsonii (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena pedicellata (la Croix) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena penangensis Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena pendula Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena perrotii (O.Warburg) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena perrottetii Baker |   |
| Dracaena pethera Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena pfennigii (Mbugua) Takaw.-Ny. & Thiede |   |
| Dracaena pfisteri (D.J.Richards) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena phanerophlebia Baker |   |
| Dracaena phillipsiae (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena phrynioides Hook. |   |
| Dracaena pinguicula (P.R.O.Bally) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena porteri Baker |   |
| Dracaena powellii (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena powysii (L.E.Newton) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena praetermissa Bos |   |
| Dracaena purpurea (Ridl.) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena raffillii (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena reflexa Lam. |   |
| Dracaena rhodesiana (N.E.Br.) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena richardsii (P.A.Mansf. & M.J.Spindl.) M.H.J.van der Meer |   |
| Dracaena rosulata Mwachala & Eb.Fisch. |   |
| Dracaena roxburghiana (Schult. & Schult.f.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena rugosifolia (R.H.Webb & L.E.Newton) Takaw.-Ny. & Thiede |   |
| Dracaena rukwana (M.Burkart, Piniely, Sikawa & Yinger) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena sambiranensis (H.Perrier) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena sanderiana Mast. |   |
| Dracaena saposchnikowii Regel |   |
| Dracaena sarawakensis (W.W.Sm.) Jankalski |   |
| Dracaena scabra Bos |   |
| Dracaena scimitariformis (D.J.Richards) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena sebeiorum (T.G.Forrest & T.C.Cole) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena senegambica (Baker) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena serpenta Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena serrulata Baker |   |
| Dracaena siamica Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena singapurensis Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena singularis (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena sinus-simiorum (Chahin.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena spathulata Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena specksii (R.H.Webb & Myklebust) Takaw.-Ny. & Mucina |   |
| Dracaena spicata Roxb. |   |
| Dracaena stenningii (T.G.Forrest) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena steudneri Engl. |   |
| Dracaena stuckyi (God.-Leb.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena subspicata (Baker) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena subtilis (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena suffruticosa (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena sumbawangana (M.Burkart, Constantine, Sikawa & Yinger) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena surculosa Lindl. |   |
| Dracaena tamaranae Marrero Rodr., R.S.Almeida & Gonz.-Mart. |   |
| Dracaena tembo (Yinger, Sikawa & Mollel) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena testudinea Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena tholloniana Hua |   |
| Dracaena thwaitesii Regel |   |
| Dracaena timorensis Kunth |   |
| Dracaena tonyae (Mollel, Sikawa & Yinger) P.A.Mansf. |   |
| Dracaena transvaalensis Baker |   |
| Dracaena trifasciata (Prain) Mabb. |   |
| Dracaena tubiformis (P.A.Mansf. & M.J.Spindl.) M.H.J.van der Meer |   |
| Dracaena umbraculifera Jacq. |   |
| Dracaena umbratica Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena usambarensis Engl. |   |
| Dracaena vanillosa (M.Burkart & Scharf) Takaw.-Ny. & Thiede |   |
| Dracaena varians (N.E.Br.) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena viridiflora Engl. & K.Krause |   |
| Dracaena volkensii (Gürke) Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena wakaensis Damen & Quiroz |   |
| Dracaena waltersiae Damen |   |
| Dracaena xiphophylla Baker |   |
| Dracaena yuccifolia Ridl. |   |
| Dracaena yumbiensis (T.G.Forrest & T.C.Cole) M.H.J.van der Meer |   |
| Dracaena zebra Byng & Christenh. |   |
| Dracaena zeylanica (L.) Mabb. |   |

## 历史图谱

图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。

- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/fragmenta-2.jpg)Dracæna Draco, Sansevieria fragransFragmenta Botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata · T. 2 · 1800–1809,
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/fragmenta-botanica-33.jpg)Sansevieria fragransFragmenta Botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata · 33 · 1800,
- [](https://floreboard.com/plants/plates/bot-mag-73-4279.jpg)Cordyline rumphiiCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 4279 · 1847, Walter Hood Fitch

## 水培与安全

密歇根州立大学推广服务答问：富贵竹可以水培，但对氟和氯敏感，而自来水里两者都有，所以建议用雨水或蒸馏水；所引不列颠哥伦比亚大学的资料说，龙血树类很容易受氟害，有时甚至致死；宜放在明亮的散射光下，避免直晒。

ASPCA 把龙血树类（Dracaena spp.，包括 D. fragrans）列为对狗和猫有毒，D. fragrans 对马也有毒；有毒成分是皂苷，症状有呕吐（偶带血）、精神沉郁、厌食、流涎，猫可见瞳孔散大。虎尾兰同样被列为对狗和猫有毒，症状为恶心、呕吐、腹泻。

## 延伸阅读

- [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/)

## 参考资料

- [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-28
- [Kew（POWO 同源数据，ColPlanta 站点）· Dracaena，含 Trees of New Guinea、Flora of Tropical East Africa 与 Flora of Somalia 的说明](https://colplanta.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:30010732-2/general-information)
- [Kew（POWO 同源数据，ColPlanta 站点）· Dracaena sanderiana 原生范围](https://colplanta.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:60471006-2/general-information)
- [Takawira-Nyenya 等 2018 · Sansevieria 是 Dracaena 中的草本分支（Phytotaxa 376: 254–276）](https://phytotaxa.mapress.com/pt/article/view/25473)
- [密歇根州立大学推广服务（Ask Extension）· 富贵竹水培答问](https://ask.extension.org/kb/faq.php?id=390446)
- [ASPCA 动物中毒控制中心 · Dracaena](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/dracaena)
- [ASPCA 动物中毒控制中心 · Snake Plant（虎尾兰）](https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/aspca-poison-control/toxic-and-non-toxic-plants/snake-plant)

名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-28）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。