---
title: "Cymbidium 兰属：分类、118 个接受种、分布与资料｜芳华绘专业资料"
url: https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/cymbidium/
language: zh-CN
last_reviewed: 2026-10-10
publisher: Floreboard (芳华绘)
---

Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 5126 · 1859 · Walter Hood Fitch · 公有领域

# Cymbidium Sw.

兰属 · Orchidaceae

- **接受名:** Cymbidium Sw.
- **首次发表:** Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 2, 6: 70 (1799)
- **科:** Orchidaceae
- **接受种数:** 118（其中天然杂交种 26）
- **原生分布:** 37 个 TDWG 区划，热带、亚热带亚洲至澳大利亚北部
- **俗名:** 兰属
- **数据库:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330383-2) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/330383-2) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/53067) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/8VWNG) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/2782293)

## 概述

兰属 Cymbidium 属于兰科 Orchidaceae。原生范围跨热带、亚热带亚洲至澳大利亚北部。在园艺与花艺应用中，兰属主要包含两类截然不同的植物：一类是中国传统栽植的地生国兰（如蕙兰 C. faberi、春兰 C. goeringii、建兰 C. ensifolium 等），以清雅幽香与叶姿为赏识核心；另一类是利用附生和半附生大花种质经多代人工杂交选育的大花蕙兰（Cymbidium hybrids），花朵硕大稠密、花色丰富，是全球大宗年宵盆花和耐久切花。

## 分类与命名

Cymbidium 由瑞典植物学家 Olof Swartz 于 1799 年发表。属名源于希腊语 kymbe（小舟），形容唇瓣凹陷似舟的形态。WCVP 目前将 Cyperorchis、Imerinaea、Pachyrhizanthe 等属列为兰属的异名。

| 属名 | 发表出处 |
| --- | --- |
| × Cyperocymbidium A.D.Hawkes | Orchid Rev. 72: 420 (1964) |
| Arethusantha Finet | Bull. Soc. Bot. France 44: 179 (1897) |
| Cymbidiopsis H.J.Chowdhery | Indian J. Forest. 32: 154 (2009) |
| Cyperorchis Blume | Rumphia 4: 47 (1849) |
| Iridorchis Blume | Coll. Orchid.: 90 (1859) |
| Jensoa Raf. | Fl. Tellur. 4: 38 (1838) |
| Liuguishania Z.J.Liu & J.N.Zhang | J. S. China Agric. Univ. 19(1): 73 (1998) |
| Pachyrhizanthe (Schltr.) Nakai | Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 109 (1931) |
| Wutongshania Z.J.Liu & J.N.Zhang | J. S. China Agric. Univ. 19(1): 74 (1998) |

## 分布

WCVP 记录本属原生于 37 个 TDWG 植物地理区划，另有 1 个区划为引入或归化。

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### 引入或归化

夏威夷

## 接受种名录

WCVP 接受 118 个种，名称中带 × 的是天然杂交种。数目随分类修订变化，核对日期 2026-10-20。

| 学名 | 本站资料 |
| --- | --- |
| Cymbidium acuminatum M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones |   |
| Cymbidium aliciae Quisumb. |   |
| Cymbidium aloifolium (L.) Sw. |   |
| Cymbidium atrolabium X.Y.Liao, S.R.Lan & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium atropurpureum (Lindl.) Rolfe |   |
| Cymbidium × ballianum Rolfe |   |
| Cymbidium banaense Gagnep. |   |
| Cymbidium × baoshanense F.Y.Liu & Perner |   |
| Cymbidium bavuongii Aver. & V.C.Nguyen |   |
| Cymbidium bicolor Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium biflorens D.Y.Zhang, S.R.Lan & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium borneense J.J.Wood |   |
| Cymbidium brevifolium Zhuang Zhou, S.R.Lan & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium canaliculatum R.Br. |   |
| Cymbidium changningense Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium × charlesworthii Rolfe & Hurst |   |
| Cymbidium chloranthum Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium cochleare Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium codonanthum Yuting Jiang, Liang Ma & S.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium concinnum Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium crassifolium Herb. |   |
| Cymbidium × cravenianim Anon. |   |
| Cymbidium cyperifolium Wall. ex Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium daweishanense G.Q.Zhang & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium dayanum Rchb.f. |   |
| Cymbidium defoliatum Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium devonianum Paxton |   |
| Cymbidium dianlan H.He |   |
| Cymbidium × dilatatiphyllum J.M.H.Shaw |   |
| Cymbidium eburneum Lindl. | 1 张图版 |
| Cymbidium elegans Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium elongatum J.J.Wood, Du Puy & Shim |   |
| Cymbidium ensifolium (L.) Sw. | 1 张图版 |
| Cymbidium erythraeum Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium erythrostylum Rolfe |   |
| [Cymbidium faberi Rolfe](https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/cymbidium-faberi/) | 资料页 |
| Cymbidium finlaysonianum Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium floribundum Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium × florinda Rolfe |   |
| Cymbidium formosanum Hayata |   |
| Cymbidium × fugongense S.Ke, S.R.Lan & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium × gammieanum King & Pantl. |   |
| Cymbidium gaoligongense Z.J.Liu & J.Yong Zhang |   |
| Cymbidium × glebelandense Rolfe |   |
| Cymbidium goeringii (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. |   |
| Cymbidium haematodes Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium hartinahianum J.B.Comber & Nasution |   |
| Cymbidium hengbungense A.N.Rao, Chowlu, H.B.Sharma, K.S.Thithila & D.S.Thokchom |   |
| Cymbidium × hillii F.Muell. ex Regel |   |
| Cymbidium hookerianum Rchb.f. |   |
| Cymbidium huikanran Jun Li bis & S.R.Lan |   |
| Cymbidium induratifolium Z.J.Liu & J.N.Zhang |   |
| Cymbidium insigne Rolfe | 1 张图版 |
| Cymbidium iridioides D.Don | 1 张图版 |
| Cymbidium jiangchengense Ying L.Peng, S.R.Lan & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium kanran Makino |   |
| Cymbidium lancifolium Hook. |   |
| Cymbidium ledinhhienii Aver., Vuong & V.C.Nguyen |   |
| Cymbidium lii M.Z.Huang, J.M.Yin & G.S.Yang |   |
| Cymbidium longipes Z.J.Liu & J.N.Zhang |   |
| Cymbidium lowianum (Rchb.f.) Rchb.f. |   |
| Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium madidum Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium × magnificum Schltr. |   |
| Cymbidium maguanense F.Y.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium × malipoense L.J.Chen, Hong B.Zhou & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium × maronii Rolfe & Hurst |   |
| Cymbidium mastersii Griff. ex Lindl. |   |
| Cymbidium micranthum Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium × monanthum J.M.H.Shaw |   |
| Cymbidium motuoense W.Q.Hu, Qinghai Zhang & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium munronianum King & Pantl. |   |
| Cymbidium nanulum Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium × nishiuchianum Makino ex J.M.H.Shaw |   |
| Cymbidium × nomachianum T.Yukawa & Nob.Tanaka |   |
| Cymbidium × nujiangense X.P.Zhou, S.P.Lei & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium × oblancifolium Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium omeiense Y.S.Wu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium parishii Rchb.f. |   |
| Cymbidium × pauwelsii J.G.Fowler |   |
| Cymbidium puerense Z.J.Liu & S.R.Lan |   |
| Cymbidium × purpuratum L.J.Chen, Li.Q.Li & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium purpureisepalum M.J.Zhu & S.R.Lan |   |
| Cymbidium qiubeiense K.M.Feng & H.Li |   |
| Cymbidium rectum Ridl. |   |
| Cymbidium recurvatum Z.J.Liu, S.C.Chen & P.J.Cribb |   |
| Cymbidium repens Aver. & Q.T.Phan |   |
| Cymbidium × rosefieldense Rolfe |   |
| Cymbidium roseum J.J.Sm. |   |
| Cymbidium sanderae (Rolfe) P.J.Cribb & Du Puy |   |
| Cymbidium sangii Aver. & V.C.Nguyen |   |
| Cymbidium schroederi Rolfe |   |
| Cymbidium × sedenii Rolfe & Hurst |   |
| Cymbidium seidenfadenii (P.J.Cribb & Du Puy) P.J.Cribb |   |
| Cymbidium serratum Schltr. |   |
| Cymbidium shidianense G.Z.Chen, G.Q.Zhang & L.J.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium sichuanicum Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium sigmoideum J.J.Sm. |   |
| Cymbidium sinense (Andrews) Willd. | 1 张图版 |
| Cymbidium suave R.Br. |   |
| Cymbidium suavissimum Sander ex C.H.Curtis |   |
| Cymbidium sungwookii Aver., Vuong & V.C.Nguyen |   |
| Cymbidium tamphianum Aver. |   |
| Cymbidium teretipetiolatum Z.J.Liu & S.C.Chen |   |
| Cymbidium tigrinum C.S.P.Parish ex Hook. |   |
| Cymbidium tortisepalum Fukuy. |   |
| Cymbidium tracyanum L.Castle |   |
| Cymbidium × veitchii Rolfe & Hurst |   |
| Cymbidium viride Sanjeet Kumar |   |
| Cymbidium wadae T.Yukawa |   |
| Cymbidium weishanense X.Yu & Z.J.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium wenshanense Y.S.Wu & F.Y.Liu |   |
| Cymbidium whiteae King & Pantl. |   |
| Cymbidium × wiganianum Rolfe & Hurst |   |
| Cymbidium wilsonii H.J.Veitch |   |
| Cymbidium × winnianum Anon. |   |
| Cymbidium × woodlandense Rolfe |   |
| Cymbidium xichouense Xin Y.Xu, C.C.Ding & S.R.Lan |   |

## 历史图谱

图版按年代排列；图上印的名字保留原样，现行名称见各种的资料页或专题页。

- [](https://floreboard.com/cymbidium/#plate-bm-888)Epidendrum sinenseCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 888 · 1806, Sydenham Edwards
- [](https://floreboard.com/cymbidium/#plate-bm-1751)Cymbidium ensifoliumCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 1751 · 1815, Sydenham Edwards
- [](https://floreboard.com/cymbidium/#plate-bm-4844)Cymbidium giganteumCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 4844 · 1855, Walter Hood Fitch
- [](https://floreboard.com/cymbidium/#plate-bm-5126)Cymbidium eburneumCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 5126 · 1859, Walter Hood Fitch
- [](https://floreboard.com/cymbidium/#plate-bm-8312)Cymbidium insigneCurtis's Botanical Magazine · 8312 · 1910, Matilda Smith

## 园艺与花艺应用

大花蕙兰杂交群对温度较为敏感，花芽分化通常需要秋季显著的昼夜温差（夜温 10–14 °C）。作为切花，大花蕙兰花茎挺拔、花期极长，在凉爽环境下可瓶插 2–3 周以上。采后管理的关键是防范乙烯：花朵中央花粉盖如受机械碰撞脱落，会迅速触发乙烯合成，导致唇瓣与花瓣褐变枯萎。

## 延伸阅读

- [Cymbidium faberi · 蕙兰](https://floreboard.com/zh/plants/cymbidium-faberi/)
- [大花蕙兰知识库：养护、处理与花艺应用](https://floreboard.com/cymbidium/)
- [花材图鉴](https://floreboard.com/zh/flowers/orchid/)
- [专业资料总览](https://floreboard.com/zh/library/)

## 参考资料

- [WCVP · 世界维管植物名录（经 ChecklistBank 数据集 2232 读取）](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · 读取于 2026-10-20
- [Kew POWO · Cymbidium 属的分类与分布](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:330383-2)
- [RHS · How to grow cymbidium orchids](https://www.rhs.org.uk/plants/cymbidium-orchids/how-to-grow-cymbidium-orchids)
- [AOS · Cymbidium Culture](https://www.aos.org/orchid-care/orchid-care-and-culture-sheets/cymbidium-culture-sheet/cymbidium-culture)

名称、发表出处、异名与分布按 WCVP 核对（2026-10-20）；说明文字依据所列出处，尚待专家复核。