---
title: "Chrysanthemum: classification, 41 accepted species, distribution and historic plates | Floreboard"
url: https://floreboard.com/en/plants/chrysanthemum/
language: en
last_reviewed: 2026-10-10
publisher: Floreboard (芳华绘)
---

Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 150 · 1897 · public domain

# Chrysanthemum L.

chrysanthemums · Asteraceae

- **Accepted name:** Chrysanthemum L.
- **First published:** Sp. Pl.: 887 (1753)
- **Family:** Asteraceae
- **Accepted species:** 41 (including 7 natural hybrids)
- **Native range:** 35 TDWG regions, temperate Eurasia, chiefly East Asia
- **Common names:** chrysanthemums
- **Databases:** [POWO](https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:331492-2) · [IPNI](https://www.ipni.org/n/331492-2) · [WCVP](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232/taxon/3133287) · [Catalogue of Life](https://www.catalogueoflife.org/data/taxon/3PDW) · [GBIF](https://www.gbif.org/species/3150746)

## Overview

Chrysanthemum belongs to the daisy family, Asteraceae; the name comes from the Greek for “gold” and “flower”. The florist’s chrysanthemum is the hybrid Chrysanthemum × morifolium. Other plants called “chrysanthemum” or “daisy” in trade belong to different genera in WCVP.

## Classification and naming

Linnaeus published Chrysanthemum in Species Plantarum in 1753. In the twentieth century some authors moved the cultivated chrysanthemum and its relatives to Dendranthema, a name common in older Chinese literature; WCVP now treats Dendranthema as a synonym of Chrysanthemum.

| Genus name | Published in |
| --- | --- |
| Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. | Actes Soc. Linn. Bordeaux 20: 561 (1860) |

## Distribution

WCVP records the genus as native to 35 TDWG botanical regions and introduced in 41 more.

AltayAmurBuryatiyaCentral European RussiaChina North-CentralChina South-CentralChina SoutheastChitaCzechia-SlovakiaEast European RussiaEast HimalayaInner MongoliaIrkutskJapanKhabarovskKoreaKrasnoyarskLaosMagadanManchuriaMongoliaNansei-shotoNepalNorth European RussiaPolandPrimoryeQinghaiSakhalinTaiwanTuvaUkraineVietnamWest SiberiaXinjiangYakutiya

### Introduced

Introduced regions (41)

AssamBalearesBoliviaBorneoBulgariaColombiaCosta RicaCubaDominican RepublicEcuadorEl SalvadorFranceGermanyGuatemalaGulf of Guinea Is.HainanHondurasItalyJawaLesser Sunda Is.MalayaMarianasMauritiusMexico CentralMexico GulfMexico NortheastMexico NorthwestMexico SoutheastMexico SouthwestPakistanPanamáPeruPhilippinesPortugalRéunionRomaniaSumateraTadzhikistanTunisiaTurkmenistanUzbekistan

## Accepted species

WCVP accepts 41 species; names with × are natural hybrids. The count changes with revisions; checked 2026-10-20.

| Name | On this site |
| --- | --- |
| Chrysanthemum × aphrodite Kitam. |   |
| Chrysanthemum argyrophyllum Y.Ling |   |
| Chrysanthemum arisanense Hayata |   |
| Chrysanthemum bizarre C.Z.Shen |   |
| Chrysanthemum chalchingolicum Grubov |   |
| Chrysanthemum chanetii H.Lév. |   |
| Chrysanthemum crassum (Kitam.) Kitam. |   |
| Chrysanthemum × cuneifolium Kitam. |   |
| Chrysanthemum dabieshanense Z.X.Fu, A.G.Zhen & Y.P.Ma |   |
| Chrysanthemum dichrum (C.Shih) H.Ohashi & Yonek. |   |
| Chrysanthemum foliaceum (G.F.Peng, C.Shih & S.Q.Zhang) J.M.Wang & Y.T.Hou |   |
| Chrysanthemum glabriusculum (W.W.Sm.) Hand.-Mazz. |   |
| Chrysanthemum horaimontanum Masam. |   |
| Chrysanthemum hypargyreum Diels |   |
| Chrysanthemum indicum L. |   |
| Chrysanthemum japonense (Makino) Nakai |   |
| Chrysanthemum lavandulifolium (Fisch. ex Trautv.) Makino |   |
| Chrysanthemum × leucanthum (Makino) Makino |   |
| Chrysanthemum longibracteatum (C.Shih, G.F.Peng & S.Y.Jin) J.M.Wang & Y.T.Hou |   |
| Chrysanthemum makinoi Matsum. & Nakai |   |
| Chrysanthemum maximoviczii Kom. |   |
| Chrysanthemum × miyatojimense Kitam. |   |
| [Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Ramat.) Hemsl.](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/chrysanthemum-morifolium/) | reference page · 6 plates |
| Chrysanthemum morii Hayata |   |
| Chrysanthemum naktongense Nakai |   |
| Chrysanthemum nankingense Hand.-Mazz. |   |
| Chrysanthemum neo-oreastrum C.C.Chang |   |
| Chrysanthemum okiense Kitam. |   |
| Chrysanthemum oreastrum Hance |   |
| Chrysanthemum ornatum Hemsl. |   |
| Chrysanthemum parvifolium C.C.Chang |   |
| Chrysanthemum potentilloides Hand.-Mazz. |   |
| Chrysanthemum rhombifolium (Y.Ling & C.Shih) H.Ohashi & Yonek. |   |
| Chrysanthemum × rubellum Sealy |   |
| Chrysanthemum × shimotomaii Makino |   |
| Chrysanthemum sinuatum Ledeb. |   |
| Chrysanthemum vestitum (Hemsl.) Stapf |   |
| Chrysanthemum yantaiense M.Sun & J.T.Chen |   |
| Chrysanthemum yoshinaganthum Makino ex Kitam. |   |
| Chrysanthemum zawadzkii Herbich |   |
| Chrysanthemum zhuozishanense L.Q.Zhao & Jie Yang |   |

## Historic plates

Plates in date order; the printed names are kept as they appear, current names are on the species pages and the topic page.

- [](https://floreboard.com/chrysanthemum/plates/bm-327.jpg)Chrysanthemum indicum（正文）Curtis's Botanical Magazine · 327 · 1796,
- [](https://floreboard.com/chrysanthemum/plates/bot-reg-4.jpg)Chrysanthemum indicum var.Edwards's Botanical Register · Pl. 4 · 1815, Sydenham Edwards, F. Sansom
- [](https://floreboard.com/chrysanthemum/plates/american-flora-3-1.jpg)Indian ChrysanthemumThe American Flora · pl. 1 · 1855,
- [](https://floreboard.com/chrysanthemum/plates/flora-filipinas-290.jpg)Pyrethrum sinenseFlora de Filipinas, gran edición (Atlas) · 290 · 1880–1883, C. Verdaguer
- [](https://floreboard.com/chrysanthemum/plates/favourite-flowers-148.jpg)Chrysanthemum sinense, vars.Favourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 148 · 1897,
- [](https://floreboard.com/chrysanthemum/plates/favourite-flowers-150.jpg)Chrysanthemum sinense, var. Mont d'OrFavourite Flowers of Garden and Greenhouse · Pl. 150 · 1897,

## Garden flower forms

The National Chrysanthemum Society groups garden chrysanthemums into 13 classes by flower form, including incurve, reflex, decorative, pompon, single and semi-double, anemone, spoon, quill and spider; the NYBG and several studies use this system.

## Further reading

- [Chrysanthemum × morifolium · florist’s chrysanthemum](https://floreboard.com/en/plants/chrysanthemum-morifolium/)
- [Chrysanthemums topic library (in Chinese)](https://floreboard.com/chrysanthemum/)
- [Flower guide](https://floreboard.com/en/flowers/chrysanthemum/)
- [Reference library](https://floreboard.com/en/library/)

## References

- [WCVP · World Checklist of Vascular Plants (via ChecklistBank dataset 2232)](https://www.checklistbank.org/dataset/2232) · accessed 2026-10-20
- [NYBG LuEsther T. Mertz Library · Chrysanthemums: History and Flower Forms](https://libguides.nybg.org/c.php?g=655086)
- [Taufique et al. 2017 · Acta Horticulturae 1167](https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2017.1167.50)

Names, places of publication, synonyms and distribution checked against WCVP (2026-10-20); the text follows the cited sources and awaits specialist review.